The global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in geriatric population with emphasis on influential factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Salari, Nader; Lotfi, Fateme; Abdolmaleki, Amir; Heidarian, Pegah; Rasoulpoor, Shabnam; Fazeli, Jalil; Najafi, Hadi; Mohammadi, Masoud

doi:10.1186/s12877-025-05967-w

Table 1 Summary of characteristics of included studies representing the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in elderly individuals

From: The global prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in geriatric population with emphasis on influential factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

First author`s name	Year	Country	Type of Study	Sample size	Female participants (%)	Male participants (%)	Mild cognitive impairment Prevalence in geriatric population (%)	Data extraction tool	Range and cutoff	Age
Achary et al. [17]	2023	India	cross-sectional	365	58.9	41.1	9.3	HMSE, MoCA-B	score > 23, score 19–25	≥ 60
Alagiakrishnan et al. [18]	2005	Canada	cross-sectional	41	7.3	92.7	9.8	MMSE	range 12–28	65–92
Alkhunizan et al. [19]	2018	Saudi Arabia	cross-sectional	171	43	57	38.6	MoCA	range 75–62	≥ 60
Anieto et al. [20]	2023	Southern Nigeria	cross-sectional	160	60	40	59.4	10-WDRT	range 0–10, score of ≤ 2	65–74
Amer et al. [21]	2012	Egypt	cross-sectional	100	54	46	32	MMSE, MoCA	Scores below 26	≥ 60
Boongird et al. [22]	2010	Thailand	cross-sectional	177	67.8	32.2	60.5	MMSE	-	75.0 ± 0.7
Bickel et al. [23]	2018	Germany	cross-sectional	1468	51.7	48.3	19.8	CDR	value of 0.5	≥ 65
Khedr et al. [24]	2014	Egypt	cross-sectional	691	50.8	49.2	1.7	MMSE, HADS, MES, CDR	core range 75–62	≥ 60
Guo et al. [25]	2011	China	cross-sectional	264	49.2	50.8	13.3	MMSE, HDS	MMSE ≤ 24 and HDS were ≤ 24	≥ 65
Mooi And Hamid [26]	2016	Malaysia	cross-sectional	2112	51.4	48.6	68	MMSE	score of 21 and less	≥ 60
Mariel et al. [27]	2024	Mexico	cross-sectional	382	66.2	33.8	28	MoCA	19 to 22 points	≥ 60
Mohan et al. [28]	2019	India	cross-sectional	426	62	38	26.06	m-ACE	-	≥ 60
Mohammad et al. [4]	2022	Malaysia	cross-sectional	244	0	100	29.9	MoCA-BM	score below 23	≥ 60
Rao et al. [29]	2018	China	cross-sectional	2111	59.5	40.5	14.2	MMSE, MoCA, CDR	Scale score of ≤ 2	≥ 65
Song et al. [30]	2021	China	cross-sectional	1760	100	0	21.5	MMSE, MoCA	score < 26	≥ 60
Liu et al. [31]	2021	China	cross-sectional	2644	50.1	49.9	27.8	ADL, CDR (Petersen’s criteria)	CDR = 0.5	≥ 65
Liu et al. [32]	2018	China	cross-sectional	622	57.6	42.4	34.1	AD8	score of 2 or greater	≥ 65
Pradhan et al. [3]	2020	Nepal	cross-sectional	115	54.8	45.2	93	MoCA	-	≥ 60
Saikia and Rajendran [33]	2020	India	cross-sectional	576	50	50	22.4	HMSE	-	≥ 60
Kim et al. [9]	2019	Japan	cross-sectional	1192	0	100	26.3	MMSE	19–26	≥ 70
Xu et al. [34]	2024	China	cross-sectional	2598	54	46	15.7	MMSE, CDR	ranging from 0 to 30	≥ 60
Xu et al. [35]	2014	China	cross-sectional	2426	60.7	39.3	21.3	MMSE, MoCA	MMSE (≤ 27), MoCA (< 26)	≥ 60
Cheng et al. [36]	2022	China	cross-sectional	4010	51	49	10.07	MMSE	MMSE (0 to 30)	≥ 60
Cong et al. [37]	2023	China	cross-sectional	5068	56	44	26.48	ADLs, MMSE, CDR ( Petersen’s criteria)	score ≥ 1.0	≥ 60
Jia et al. [38]	2020	China	cross-sectional	46,011	50.3	49.7	15.6	MMSE, CDR	-	≥ 60
Lype et al. [39]	2023	China	cross-sectional	311	59.2	40.8	18.6	EASI	-	≥ 65
Rostami et al. [6]	2024	Iran	cross-sectional	506	49.6	50.4	21.9	MMSE	19–26	≥ 60
Tsoy et al. [5]	2019	Kazakhstan	cross-sectional	662	25	75	30/4	MoCA	scored 26 or lower	≥ 60
Wang et al. [40]	2024	China	cross-sectional	706	42.9	57.1	32	MMSE	19–26	≥ 60
Wang et al. [41]	2015	China	cross-sectional	3136	59.3	40.7	20	MMSE, MoCA	MMSE (≤ 27), MoCA (< 26)	≥ 60
Tawfik et al. [42]	2024	Egypt	cross-sectional	470	27.9	72.1	37.7	MoCA	19–25	≥ 60
Rahman and EI Gaafary [43]	2009	Egypt	cross-sectional	268	45	55	38.8	MoCA	score below 26	≥ 60
Limongi et al. [44]	2017	Italy	Population-based cohort	2337	58.3	41.7	21.6	ADL, MMSE, CDT	MMSE score ≤ 27, CDT score ≤ 8	≥ 65
Ma et al. [45]	2022	China	cross-sectional	9036	56.5	43.5	18.1	ADL, MMSE	17–24	≥ 65
Lwi et al. [46]	2019	USA	cohort	168,111	100	0	1.8	ICD-9	-	≥ 65
Nguyen et al. [47]	2019	Vietnam	cross-sectional	367	60	40	14.4	IADL	-	≥ 60
Ogunniyi et al. [48]	2016	Nigeria	cross-sectional	613	69.7	30.3	18.1	IDEA	score below 8	≥ 65
Panghal et al. [49]	2022	India	cross-sectional	135	49.6	50.4	30	HMSE	ranged from 0 to 30	≥ 60
Xu et al. [50]	2020	China	cross-sectional	1262	55.5	44.5	25	MMSE	0 to 30	≥ 65
Xi et al. [51]	2022	China	cross-sectional	4275	100	0	28.6	C-MMSE	0–30	≥ 65
Hendlmeier et al. [52]	2019	Germany	cross-sectional	1468	53.8	46.2	19.7	CDR	0–3	≥ 65
Tranah et al. [53]	2011	USA	cohort	1282	100	0	24	MMSE	score < 8	≥ 65
Sun et al. [54]	2014	Taiwan	cross-sectional	10,432	52.3	47.7	19.63	CDR, TMSE	13–24	≥ 65
Shahar et al. [55]	2013	Malaysia	cross-sectional	318	59	41	21.1	ADL, MMSE, CDR	-	≥ 60
Roberts et al. [56]	2010	USA	cross-sectional	1233	48	52	13.2	CDR	-	≥ 70
Reitz et al. [57]	2008	USA	cohort	678	70.4	29.6	23.9	DSM-IV	-	≥ 65
Khater and abouelezz [58]	2011	Egypt	cross-sectional	120	53.3	46.7	38.3	MMSE, MoCA	scores below 26	≥ 60
Kitro et al. [59]	2024	Thailand	cross-sectional	984	62.2	37.8	35.5	TMSE	score below 24	≥ 60
Kim et al. [60]	2022	Korea	cross-sectional	806	58	42	35.3	MMSE-KC	0 to 30	≥ 60
Liu et al. [61]	2017	China	cross-sectional	2102	59.6	40.4	15.9	MMSE	17–24	≥ 60
Assaf et al. [62]	2021	Lebanon	cross-sectional	337	47.2	58.2	14.8	MoCA	≥ 26	≥ 60

HMSE: Hindi Mental Status Examination, MCAB: Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic, MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination, 10WDRT: 10-Word Delayed Recall Test, CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating, HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, MES: Management Expectations Survey, ACE: Adverse Childhood Experience, ADL: Activities of Daily Living, DSI: Dementia Screening Interview, EASI: Elder Abuse Suspicion Index, CDT: Clock Drawing Test, ICD: International Classification of Diseases, IADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, and TMSE: Thai Mental State Examination

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ISSN: 1471-2318

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