Internet use and life satisfaction among empty nesters in rural areas of Yangzhou: based on propensity score matching and mediating effect model

Liu, Yitong; Wang, Yaning; Yang, Zhuoya; Xu, Wenkun; Tian, Guangyu; Gao, Yuexiao; Zhao, Miaomiao; Lu, Rujian; Zhong, Yaqin

doi:10.1186/s12877-025-05788-x

Table 4 Association between Internet use, social participation, and life satisfaction among empty nesters

From: Internet use and life satisfaction among empty nesters in rural areas of Yangzhou: based on propensity score matching and mediating effect model

Variables	Model 1^a		Model 2^b		Model 3^a		Model 4^a
Variables	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Internet use	0.545***	0.198	0.406***	0.053			0.433**	0.202
Social participation					0.325***	0.117	0.276**	0.120
Age (60–65)
66–70	-0.227	0.238	-0.014	0.059	-0.374*	0.225	-0.210	0.238
Above 70	-0.171	0.276	-0.001	0.073	-0.372	0.255	-0.142	0.277
Gender (Male)
Female	0.146	0.277	0.326***	0.077	-0.075	0.276	0.037	0.282
Marital status (Unmarried)
Married	0.543**	0.258	0.016	0.083	0.585**	0.257	0.560***	0.258
Profession (No)
Yes	-0.099	0.215	0.333***	0.061	-0.182	0.218	-0.176	0.219
Income (No)
Yes	0.548***	0.213	0.123*	0.064	0.546**	0.213	0.517**	0.214
Medical insurance (No)
Yes	-0.208	0.529	0.036	0.139	-0.201	0.532	-0.248	0.533
Smoke status (Still have)
Quit	-0.274	0.412	-0.063	0.111	-0.264	0.411	-0.287	0.412
No	-0.353	0.285	-0.260***	0.078	-0.232	0.285	-0.275	0.288
Drink status (Yes)
No	0.545**	0.244	-0.081	0.065	0.572**	0.245	0.599**	0.247
Sleep quality (Very poor)
Poor	0.439	0.487	0.212	0.170	0.391	0.489	0.378	0.492
Good	0.905*	0.484	0.115	0.167	0.888*	0.485	0.889*	0.488
Very good	1.298**	0.541	0.176	0.175	1.260**	0.542	1.261**	0.545
Self-rated health (Very poor)
Poor	0.234	0.278	0.030	0.099	0.214	0.280	0.218	0.280
Good	1.487***	0.281	0.063	0.094	1.487***	0.283	1.475***	0.283
Very good	1.869***	0.593	0.210	0.137	1.831***	0.596	1.867***	0.597
Chronic condition (Yes)
No	0.210	0.187	-0.008	0.048	0.206	0.187	0.210	0.188
Hospitalization within the past year (Yes)
No	-0.609*	0.313	-0.031	0.082	-0.640**	0.315	-0.611*	0.316
Meeting with children (At least once a week)
At least once a month	0.115	0.277	0.068	0.072	0.152	0.277	0.115	0.278
Once a few months	-0.046	0.222	0.082	0.060	-0.037	0.221	-0.046	0.222
R²	0.140		0.105		0.141		0.145

a: Dependent variable = life satisfaction
b: Dependent variable = social participation
Note: Standard errors in brackets, * P < 0.1, **P < 0.05, *** P < 0.01

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ISSN: 1471-2318

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