Table 2 Longitudinal association between different condition of chronic diseases and CHE among Chinese older adults (N = 6483)

Chronic disease (compared with no chronic disease)

Single chronic disease

1.29^***

(1.16–1.44)

1.35^***

(1.21–1.50)

1.36^***

(1.22–1.52)

Multimorbidity

1.23^***

(1.10–1.36)

1.29^***

(1.16–1.44)

1.32^***

(1.18–1.47)

Age

1.02^***

(1.01–1.03)

1.02^***

(1.01–1.03)

Gender (compare with female)

Male

1.01

(0.91–1.12)

1.00

(0.90–1.11)

Educational attainment(compare with Primary or Below)

Middle School level and higher

0.66^***

(0.57–0.77)

0.75^*** (0.64–0.88)

Secondary or Higher

0.39^***

(0.31–0.49)

0.51^*** (0.41–0.66)

Marital status(compare with spouse)

 Living with no spouse

0.76^***

(0.67–0.87)

0.75^*** (0.66–0.85)

Hukou type (compared with rural)

Urban

0.67^***

(0.59–0.77)

Residence (compared with rural)

 Urban

0.77^***

(0.70–0.85)

Insurance status (compared with no insurance)

Insured

1.56

(0.79–3.08)