Fig. 3

Structural network properties and risk of depression onset. (A) Hazard ratios for variables associated with depression onset, displayed with 95% confidence intervals, based on Cox proportional hazards models. Significant predictors include death of both parents, rich-club connections, modularity, and left hippocampal nodal efficiency (HIP.L NE). (B) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the predictive accuracy of modularity, rich-club connectivity, and HIP.L NE on depression onset, with AUC values provided for each predictor; the combined model exhibits the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.842). (C- E) Kaplan-Meier survival curves showing cumulative probability of depression-free survival over time, stratified by high and low values of (C) rich-club connections, (D) modularity, and (E) HIP.L NE. Patients with lower values in these metrics are at higher risk for depression onset, underscoring the prognostic value of structural network properties. Abbreviations: WEF, weekly exercise frequency; TSC, time spent with children; NE, nodal efficiency