Table 3 Comparison of sarcopenia assessments between T2DM patients with and without sarcopenia

Calf circumference (cm), mean ± SD

37.0 ± 4.0

33.0 ± 2.4

38.2 ± 3.6

< 0.001*

Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD

94.5 ± 12.8

84.9 ± 11.0

97.5 ± 11.9

< 0.001*

Neck circumference (cm), mean ± SD

38.9 ± 4.2

36.3 ± 5.2

39.7 ± 3.5

< 0.001*

SARC-F, median (IQR)

1 (0, 3)

2 (1, 4)

1 (0, 2)

0.006*

 SARC-F ≥ 4, n (%)

55 (16.7)

20 (25.6)

35 (13.9)

0.016*

SARC-CalF, median (IQR)

2 (1, 5)

10 (2, 13)

1 (0, 3)

< 0.001*

 SARC-CalF ≥ 11, n (%)

55 (16.7)

38 (48.7)

17 (6.8)

< 0.001*

SARCF + EBM

2 (1, 10)

11 (3, 13)

2 (0, 4)

< 0.001*

 SARCF + EBM ≥ 12, n (%)

59 (17.9)

28 (35.9)

31 (12.4)

< 0.001*

Hand grip strength (kg), mean ± SD

22.5 ± 7.9

17.9 ± 7.0

24.0 ± 7.6

< 0.001*

 M < 28 kg; F < 18 kg, n (%)

174 (52.9)

63 (80.8)

111 (44.2)

< 0.001*

5-times chair stand (sec), mean ± SD

15.9 ± 5.5

18.1 ± 5.8

15.2 ± 5.3

< 0.001*

 5-times chair stand ≥ 12 s, n (%)

242 (76.1)

67 (90.5)

175 (71.7)

0.001*

Gait speed (m/s), mean ± SD

0.85 ± 0.24

0.77 ± 0.25

0.87 ± 0.24

0.001*

 Gait speed < 1 m/s, n (%)

245 (75.2)

64 (84.2)

181 (72.4)

0.037*

Skeleton muscle mass index (kg/m²), mean ± SD

6.9 ± 1.2

5.6 ± 0.7

7.3 ± 1.0

< 0.001*

M < 7.0 kg/m²; F < 5.7 kg/m², n (%)

89 (27.1)

78 (100.0)

11 (4.4)

< 0.001*