Table 1 Characteristics of participants stratified by quartile of hemoglobin glycation index

Age (years)

69.9 (6.8)

69.6 (7.2)

70.1 (6.7)

70.2 (6.6)

70.0 (6.5)

0.70

Age, (%)

> 0.90

 60–69 years

459 (47%)

119 (49%)

109 (47%)

115 (46%)

116 (44%)

 70–79 years

310 (30%)

70 (26%)

81 (29%)

80 (32%)

79 (32%)

 80 + years

254 (24%)

67 (24%)

67 (24%)

59 (22%)

61 (24%)

Sex, (%)

0.02

 Female

538 (55%)

109 (46%)

136 (55%)

155 (64%)

138 (56%)

 Male

485 (45%)

147 (54%)

121 (45%)

99 (36%)

118 (44%)

BMI, (%)

0.02

 Underweight (< 18.5)

9 (1.0%)

3 (0.5%)

2 (1.0%)

3 (1.5%)

1 (1.0%)

 Normal (18.5 to < 25)

232 (22%)

51 (18%)

66 (27%)

61 (23%)

54 (19%)

 Overweight (25 to < 30)

346 (35%)

93 (32%)

100 (41%)

91 (41%)

62 (23%)

 Obese (30 or greater)

424 (42%)

107 (50%)

86 (31%)

95 (35%)

136 (57%)

Race, (%)

< 0.001

 Mexican American

82 (3.2%)

24 (3.8%)

20 (2.5%)

17 (2.7%)

21 (4.1%)

 Other Hispanic

93 (3.5%)

23 (3.1%)

20 (2.5%)

22 (3.2%)

28 (6.0%)

 Non-Hispanic White

500 (78%)

133 (83%)

155 (86%)

131 (79%)

81 (60%)

 Non-Hispanic Black

249 (9.0%)

54 (6.7%)

34 (4.4%)

64 (9.1%)

97 (19%)

 Other/multiracial

99 (6.1%)

22 (3.4%)

28 (4.9%)

20 (6.3%)

29 (12%)

Alcohol, (%)

0.01

 1–5 drinks/month

481 (46%)

114 (45%)

117 (42%)

121 (46%)

129 (54%)

 5–10 drinks/month

36 (4.8%)

8 (4.4%)

9 (4.5%)

13 (8.2%)

6 (1.1%)

 10 + drinks/month

157 (21%)

55 (30%)

49 (24%)

30 (17%)

23 (10%)

 Non-drinker

332 (28%)

73 (21%)

80 (29%)

84 (29%)

95 (34%)

Smoke, (%)

0.13

 Current smoker

120 (11%)

26 (9.5%)

34 (11%)

26 (8.5%)

34 (16%)

 Former smoker

391 (42%)

104 (50%)

88 (36%)

103 (45%)

96 (36%)

 Never smoker

512 (47%)

126 (41%)

135 (52%)

125 (46%)

126 (48%)

Education, (%)

0.06

 Less Than 9th Grade

109 (6.5%)

24 (4.2%)

17 (5.4%)

25 (6.3%)

43 (12%)

 9-11th Grade

159 (12%)

45 (12%)

31 (11%)

44 (12%)

39 (12%)

 High School Grad/GED

254 (24%)

53 (20%)

66 (25%)

60 (22%)

75 (31%)

 Some College or AA degree

287 (32%)

74 (36%)

84 (33%)

61 (27%)

68 (34%)

 College Graduate or above

213 (25%)

60 (28%)

59 (25%)

64 (32%)

30 (11%)

 Unknown

1 (< 0.1%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.1%)

PIR

3.04 (1.56)

3.28 (1.50)

3.14 (1.60)

2.96 (1.53)

2.68 (1.53)

0.05

SBP, mmHg

135 (20)

137 (19)

135 (21)

134 (17)

135 (20)

0.40

DBP, mmHg

67 (15)

68 (14)

67 (14)

66 (17)

66 (13)

0.40

Antihypertensive drug, (%)

0.90

 Yes

835 (95%)

205 (94%)

196 (94%)

206 (95%)

228 (97%)

 No

41 (5.0%)

13 (5.4%)

15 (5.9%)

7 (5.0%)

6 (2.9%)

 Unknown

1 (< 0.1%)

1 (< 0.1%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

BP classification, (%)

0.60

 Grade 1 hypertension

31 (2.5%)

11 (3.6%)

9 (3.3%)

5 (1.7%)

6 (1.1%)

 Grade 2 hypertension

4 (0.4%)

2 (0.2%)

1 (0.4%)

1 (0.8%)

0 (0%)

 Grade 3 hypertension

1 (< 0.1%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.1%)

0 (0%)

 Normal

957 (97%)

239 (96%)

235 (96%)

240 (97%)

243 (99%)

Heart failure, (%)

0.30

 Yes

93 (9.6%)

24 (8.3%)

15 (6.3%)

25 (10%)

29 (15%)

 No

929 (90%)

232 (92%)

241 (94%)

229 (90%)

227 (85%)

Diabetes, (%)

< 0.001

 Yes

270 (23%)

64 (19%)

30 (11%)

54 (18%)

122 (56%)

 No

705 (72%)

185 (78%)

219 (86%)

180 (73%)

121 (41%)

CERAD - WL

19.4 (4.6)

19.3 (4.7)

19.8 (4.7)

19.5 (4.4)

18.9 (4.4)

0.40

CERAD - DR

6.18 (2.28)

6.19 (2.23)

6.24 (2.21)

6.32 (2.41)

5.87 (2.26)

0.40

AFT

17.5 (5.7)

17.6 (5.5)

18.2 (5.7)

17.8 (6.0)

16.0 (5.1)

0.06

DSST

50 (17)

51 (16)

52 (18)

50 (17)

43 (15)

0.009