Table 1 Participants' demographic characteristics and their relationship with elder abuse (n = 540)

Age

60–69

218 (40.4)

162 (74.3)

56 (25.7)

0.388

70–79

219 (40.6)

150 (68.5)

69 (31.5)

80–89

88 (16.3)

72 (69.9)

31 (30.1)

 ≥ 90

14 (2.8)

Sex

Female

269 (49.8)

206 (76.6)

63 (23.4)

0.005

Male

271 (50.2)

178 (65.7)

93 (34.3)

Marital status

Married

390 (72.2)

275 (70.5)

115 (29.5)

0.438

Divorced or widowed

142 (26.3)

105 (73.9)

37 (26.1)

Single

8 (1.5)

Education

Illiterate

116 (21.5)

89 (76.7)

27 (23.3)

0.419

Primary education

191 (35.4)

134 (70.2)

57 (29.8)

Secondary education

63 (11.7)

47 (74.6)

16 (25.4)

High school diploma/associate's degree

111 (20.6)

76 (68.5)

35 (31.5)

Bachelor's degree

47 (8.7)

38 (64.4)

21 (35.6)

Master's degree or higher

12 (2.2)

Economic status

Poor

99 (18.3)

84 (84.8)

15 (15.2)

< 0.001

Average

348 (64.4)

246 (70.7)

102 (29.3)

Good

80 (14.8)

54 (58.1)

39 (41.9)

Excellent

13 (2.4)

Property ownership status

Owner

469 (86.9)

333 (71.0)

136 (29.0)

0.498

Tenant

57 (10.6)

38 (66.7)

19 (33.3)

Other

14 (2.5)

Housing type

Apartment

352 (65.2)

246 (69.9)

106 (30.1)

0.390

Villa

188 (34.8)

138 (73.4)

50 (26.6)

Employment status

Unemployed or dependent

52 (9.6)

40 (76.9)

12 (23.1)

0.001

Pensioner

71 (13.1)

52 (73.2)

19 (26.8)

Homemaker

95 (17.6)

82 (86.3)

13 (13.7)

Employee or retired

301 (55.7)

194 (64.5)

107 (35.5)

Self-employed

21 (3.9)

16 (76.2)

5 (23.8)

Health insurance coverage

No insurance

31 (5.7)

25 (80.6)

6 (19.4)

0.072

Basic insurance

79 (14.6)

64 (81.0)

15 (19.0)

Basic and supplementary insurance

424 (78.5)

291 (68.6)

133 (31.4)

Other

6 (1.1)

Comorbidities

None

90 (16.7)

58 (64.4)

32 (35.6)

0.036

1–3

235 (43.5)

161 (68.5)

74 (31.5)

4–6

142 (26.3)

104 (73.2)

38 (26.8)

 > 6

73 (13.5)

61 (83.6)

12 (16.4)

History of mental disorders

None

479 (88.7)

332 (69.3)

147 (30.7)

0.010

Depression

25 (4.6)

52 (85.2)

9 (14.8)

Anxiety

18 (3.3)

Trauma and stressor-related disorders

8 (1.5)

Sleep disorders

2 (0.4)

Multiple disorders

8 (1.5)

Polypharmacy

None

114 (21.1)

80 (70.2)

34 (29.8)

0.035

1–3

201 (37.2)

132 (65.7)

69 (34.3)

4–5

97 (18.0)

69 (71.1)

28 (28.9)

6–9

97 (18.0)

75 (77.3)

22 (22.7)

 ≥ 10

31 (5.7)

28 (90.3)

3 (9.7)

Number of children

0–1

30 (5.6)

17 (56.7)

13 (43.3)

0.104

2–3

206 (38.1)

142 (68.9)

64 (31.1)

4–6

231 (42.8)

167 (72.3)

64 (27.7)

 ≥ 7

73 (13.5)

58 (79.5)

15 (20.5)