Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
Characteristics | Total cohort (n = 30003) | Survivors (n = 12575) | Decedents (n = 17428) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Sex (Women, %) | 17,113 (57.0) | 6796 (54.0) | 10,317 (59.2) | < 0.001 |
Age, mean (SD), years | 79.6 (11.1) | 76.9 (12.0) | 81.5 (9.9) | < 0.001 |
Education (Middle school or above, %) | 11,916 (39.7) | 5741 (45.7) | 6175 (35.4) | < 0.001 |
Marriage (In marriage, %) | 15,997 (53.3) | 7403 (58.9) | 8594 (49.3) | < 0.001 |
Care-mode | < 0.001 | |||
Household (n, %) | 21,060 (70.2) | 9111 (72.5) | 11,949 (68.6) | |
Nursing institution (n, %) | 8943 (29.8) | 3464 (27.5) | 5479 (31.4) | |
Multimorbidities | ||||
Hypertension (n, %) | 17,632 (58.8) | 7801 (62.0) | 9831 (56.4) | < 0.001 |
Coronary artery disease (n, %) | 5526 (18.4) | 1619 (12.9) | 3907 (22.4) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure (n, %) | 5807 (19.4) | 2795 (22.2) | 3012 (17.3) | < 0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n, %) | 5502 (18.3) | 1888 (15.0) | 3614 (20.7) | < 0.001 |
Cerebral vascular disease (n, %) | 16,353 (54.5) | 7208 (57.3) | 9145 (52.5) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes (n, %) | 8091 (27.0) | 3375 (26.8) | 4716 (27.1) | 0.68 |
Cancers (n, %) | 1838 (6.1) | 532 (4.2) | 1306 (7.5) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease (n, %) | 3723 (12.4) | 1261 (10.0) | 2462 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
Physical activity | ||||
ADL scores, mean (SD) | 14.7 (13.0) | 16.6 (13.1) | 13.3 (12.8) | < 0.001 |
Cognitive function (n, %) | < 0.001 | |||
Robust | 3163 (10.5) | 1626 (12.9) | 1537 (8.8) | |
Mild impaired | 14,132 (47.1) | 6226 (49.5) | 7906 (45.4) | |
Moderate impaired | 9674 (32.2) | 3381 (26.9) | 6293 (36.1) | |
Severe impaired | 3034 (10.1) | 1342 (10.7) | 1692 (9.7) | |
Perception (n, %) | < 0.001 | |||
Robust | 2831 (9.4) | 1395 (11.1) | 1436 (8.2) | |
Mild impaired | 14,606 (48.7) | 6598 (52.5) | 8008 (45.9) | |
Moderate impaired | 11,191 (37.3) | 4173 (33.2) | 7018 (40.3) | |
Severe impaired | 1375 (4.6) | 409 (3.3) | 966 (5.5) | |