Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Gender

0.008

male

450 (56%)

422 (57%)

28 (41%)

female

357 (44%)

316 (43%)

41 (59%)

Age

71 (66, 78)

71 (66, 77)

74 (69, 80)

0.056

Diseases

< 0.001

COPD

100 (12%)

89 (12%)

11 (16%)

Chronic kidney disease

99 (12%)

76 (10%)

23 (33%)

Angiocardiopathy

88 (11%)

82 (11%)

6 (8.7%)

Pneumonia

285 (35%)

272 (37%)

13 (19%)

Tumour

124 (15%)

112 (15%)

12 (17%)

Cerebrovascular disease

32 (4.00%)

31 (4.20%)

1 (1.40%)

Bronchiectasia

21 (2.60%)

20 (2.70%)

1 (1.40%)

Osteoarthropathy

50 (6.20%)

49 (6.60%)

1 (1.40%)

Asthma

8 (1.00%)

7 (0.90%)

1 (1.40%)

Frequency of hospitalization

2(1, 4)

2(1, 3)

3 (2, 12)

< 0.001

Education level

0.300

Primary school

310 (38%)

276 (37%)

34 (49%)

Junior high school

220 (27%)

202 (27%)

18 (26%)

Senior high school or secondary school

211 (26%)

199 (27%)

12 (17%)

Junior college/undergraduate

63 (7.80%)

58 (7.90%)

5 (7.20%)

Master

3 (0.40%)

3 (0.40%)

0 (0.00%)

Smoke

0.100

NO

573 (71%)

518 (70%)

55 (80%)

Yes

234 (29%)

220 (30%)

14 (20%)

Drink

0.200

NO

687 (85%)

625 (85%)

62 (90%)

Yes

120 (15%)

113 (15%)

7 (10%)

place of residence

0.600

countryside

37 (4.60%)

33 (4.50%)

4 (5.80%)

town

34 (4.20%)

30 (4.10%)

4 (5.80%)

City

736 (91%)

675 (91%)

61 (88%)

Working condition

0.007

incumbent

4 (0.50%)

4 (0.50%)

0 (0.00%)

retirement

698 (86%)

644 (87%)

54 (78%)

unemployment

5 (0.60%)

2 (0.30%)

3 (4.30%)

liberal profession

100 (12%)

88 (12%)

12 (17%)

Marital status

0.003

unmarried

6 (0.70%)

6 (0.80%)

0 (0.00%)

married

647 (80%)

603 (82%)

44 (64%)

divorced

18 (2.20%)

16 (2.20%)

2 (2.90%)

widowed

136 (17%)

113 (15%)

23 (33%)

Children (number)

0.030

0

19 (2.40%)

16 (2.20%)

3 (4.30%)

1

351 (43%)

328 (44%)

23 (33%)

2

236 (29%)

212 (29%)

24 (35%)

3

103 (13%)

95 (13%)

8 (12%)

4

64 (7.90%)

58 (7.90%)

6 (8.70%)

5

24 (3.00%)

21 (2.80%)

3 (4.30%)

6

7 (0.90%)

7 (0.90%)

0 (0.00%)

7

2 (0.20%)

0 (0.00%)

2 (2.90%)

9

1 (0.10%)

1 (0.10%)

0 (0.00%)

Living status

0.031

With spouse and children

268 (33%)

251 (34%)

17 (25%)

With spouse

305 (38%)

284 (38%)

21 (30%)

With children

144 (18%)

126 (17%)

18 (26%)

Alone

74 (9.20%)

64 (8.70%)

10 (14%)

In Nursing Home

16 (2.00%)

13 (1.80%)

3 (4.30%)

Per capita monthly household income

0.017

Less than 1500 yuan

60 (7.40%)

57 (7.70%)

3 (4.30%)

1500–2900 yuan

44 (5.50%)

35 (4.70%)

9 (13%)

3000–5000 yuan

267 (33%)

240 (33%)

27 (39%)

More than 5000 yuan

436 (54%)

406 (55%)

30 (43%)

Self-evaluation of personality

0.035

extroverted

253 (31%)

240 (33%)

13 (19%)

introverted

110 (14%)

96 (13%)

14 (20%)

ambiversion

444 (55%)

402 (54%)

42 (61%)

Religious belief

0.047

NO

751 (93%)

691 (94%)

60 (87%)

Yes

56 (6.90%)

47 (6.40%)

9 (13%)

Comorbidity

< 0.001

Less than 2 kinds of diseases

367 (45%)

355 (48%)

12 (17%)

2–3 kinds of diseases

369 (46%)

332 (45%)

37 (54%)

Greater or equal to 4 kinds of diseases

71 (8.80%)

51 (6.90%)

20 (29%)

Perceived severity of illness

< 0.001

Mild

111 (14%)

111 (15%)

0 (0%)

Moderate

289 (36%)

282 (38%)

7 (10%)

Severe

407 (50%)

345 (47%)

62 (90%)

CRP

10 (2, 43)

9 (2, 42)

17 (4, 46)

0.100

ALB

36.10

(31.90, 39.10)

36.20

(32.10,39.20)

33.60

(29.10, 37.70)

< 0.001

BMI

22.00 (19.60, 24.2)

22.10 (19.70, 24.20)

20.90 (18.40 23.20)

0.007

Hb

123 (107, 133)

124 (109, 134)

107 (95, 124)

< 0.001

GLU

5.85

(4.95, 7.47)

5.82

(4.94, 7.42)

6.12

(5.17, 8.11)

0.150

TG

1.13 (0.85, 1.65)

1.13 (0.84, 1.64)

1.04 (0.88, 1.65)

> 0.90

Ca

2.14 (2.04, 2.22)

2.14 (2.05, 2.23)

2.12 (1.99, 2.20)

0.300

P

1.08 (0.95,1.22)

1.08 (0.95, 1.21)

1.13 (0.95, 1.50)

0.032

UC

327 (249,415)

327 (251, 414)

332 (238, 438)

> 0.900

TC

4.22 (3.55, 5.13)

4.24 (3.60, 5.14)

4.09 (3.33, 5.02)

0.300

HDL-C

1.11 (0.90, 1.38)

1.12 (0.91, 1.38)

1.05 (0.87, 1.36)

0.400

LDL-C

2.54 (1.95, 3.26)

2.56 (1.96, 3.27)

2.35 (1.80, 3.12)

0.110

NHHR

2.81 (2.09, 3.64)

2.81 (2.08, 3.66)

2.81 (2.22, 3.37)

0.900

PSS-Fa

11(10, 11)

11(10, 11)

11(6, 11)

0.006

BI

95 (75, 100)

100 (80, 100)

70 (50, 90)

< 0.001

PHQ-8

3 (1.00, 6.50)

3 (1.00, 6.00)

13 (9.00, 18.00)

< 0.001

AIS

8(4, 10)

6(4, 10)

14(12, 18)

< 0.001