Table 4 Logistic regression of loneliness and socially isolation correlates in Community-dwelling older adults receiving home health services (n = 1,777)*

Age

 ≤ 80

1

1

1

 > 80

0.98 (0.17)

0.7, 1.37

0.9

0.98 (0.12)

0.78, 1.24

0.89

1.29 (0.16)

1.02, 1.65

0.04

Sex

 Male

1

1

1

 Female

0.74 (0.13)

0.53, 1.05

0.09

1.07 (0.13)

0.84, 1.37

0.57

3.59 (0.41)

2.87, 4.49

< 0.001

Marital status

 Unmarried

1

 Married

1.49 (0.31)

0.99, 2.23

0.06

7.69 (1.28)

5.55, 10.66

< 0.001

------

------

------

Living arrangements

 Not alone

1

1

 Alone

3.22 (0.6)

2.23, 4.64

< 0.001

------

------

------

7.74 (1.29)

5.58, 10.73

< 0.001

Lonely

 No

1

1

 Yes

------

------

------

2.93 (0.53)

2.07, 4.17

< 0.001

1.55

1.04, 2.32

0.03

Race

 Caucasian

1

1

1

 Black/African American

0.37 (0.09)

0.23, 0.59

< 0.001

0.93 (0.17)

0.66, 1.32

0.7

1.40 (0.25)

0.99, 1.98

0.06

 Asian

1.1 (0.52)

0.44, 2.76

0.84

0.28 (0.15)

0.10, 0.78

0.01

0.8 (0.27)

0.41, 1.57

0.51

 Other

0.43 (0.13)

0.24, 0.76

0.004

0.91 (0.20)

0.60, 1.40

0.68

1.0 (0.19)

0.67, 1.51

0.99

Ethnicity

 Hispanic/Latino

1

1

1

 Non-Hispanic/Latino

1.1 (0.31)

0.63, 1.92

0.74

0.89 (0.18)

0.60, 1.32

0.57

0.76 (0.15)

0.52, 1.11

0.16

Hearing impairment

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

1.50 (0.28)

1.0, 2.13

0.05

0.96 (0.15)

0.71, 1.30

0.8

0.90 (0.14)

0.66, 1.22

0.5

Vision Impairment

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.95 (0.18)

0.66, 1.39

0.81

1.32 (0.18)

1.01, 1.72

0.04

1.10 (0.15)

0.83, 1.44

0.51

Depressive symptoms

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

10.5 (2.07)

7.14, 15.5

< 0.001

0.68 (0.12)

0.48, 0.98

0.04

0.76 (0.13)

0.54, 1.07

0.12

 Cognitive function

0.97 (0.01)

0.95, 0.99

0.03

1.0 (0.005)

0.99, 1.01

0.59

1.0 (0.005)

0.99, 1.01

0.98

Ambulating

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

2.09 (1.31)

0.61, 7.12

0.24

0.65 (0.16)

0.40, 1.06

0.08

0.82 (0.22)

0.48, 1.39

0.46

Transferring

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.52 (0.66)

0.04, 6.35

0.61

0.8 (0.58)

0.20, 3.27

0.76

2.11 (1.61)

0.47, 9.38

0.33

Toileting

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.11 (0.10)

0.02, 0.70

0.02

1.56 (0.80)

0.57, 4.27

0.59

0.69 (0.4)

0.22, 2.13

0.52

Grooming

 No

1

1

 Yes

4.39 (1.19)

2.59, 7.47

< 0.001

0.58 (0.08)

0.45, 0.76

< 0.001

1.1 (0.15)

0.83, 1.45

0.5

Bathing

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

4.67 (2.58)

1.58, 13.8

0.005

0.93 (0.18)

0.57, 4.27

0.69

0.98 (0.19)

0.67, 1.44

0.94

 Comorbidities

1.12 (0.05)

1.03, 1.23

0.01

1.03 (0.03)

0.97, 1.10

0.33

1.02 (0.03)

0.96, 1.09

0.45