Table 1 Baseline characteristics between HAP and non-HAP groups

Demographic data

Male [n (%)]

1656 (57.9)

1285 (59.4)

371 (53.1)

Age (Mean ± SD, years)

77.04 ± 7.84

75.81 ± 7.52

80.83 ± 7.60

BMI (Mean ± SD)

24.17 ± 2.94

24.19 ± 2.96

24.13 ± 2.88

Waist circumference (Mean ± SD, cm)

83.35 ± 8.21

83.49 ± 8.22

82.93 ± 8.16

OCSP [n (%)]

TACI [n (%)]

291 (10.2)

170 (7.9)

121 (17.3)

PACI [n (%)]

1733 (60.6)

1315 (60.8)

418 (59.8)

POCI [n (%)]

711 (24.9)

557 (25.8)

154 (22.0)

LACI [n (%)]

126 (4.4)

120 (5.6)

6 (0.9)

TOAST [n (%)]

large-artery atherosclerosis [n (%)]

1130 (39.5)

812 (37.6)

318 (45.5)

Cardio embolism [n (%)]

405 (14.1)

234 (10.8)

171 (24.5)

small-vessel occlusion [n (%)]

1261 (44.1)

1070 (49.5)

191 (27.3)

stroke of other determined etiology [n (%)]

23 (0.8)

15 (0.7)

8 (1.1)

stroke of undetermined etiology [n (%)]

42 (1.5)

31 (1.4)

11 (1.6)

Symptoms to time of arrival [M (25%,75%), hours]

7.0 (1.9, 28.4)

8.0 (2.1, 31.8)

3.8 (1.4, 17.4)

Smoking status [n (%)]

Never smoke [n (%)]

2141 (74.8)

1685 (77.9)

456 (65.2)

Used to smoke [n (%)]

142 (5.0)

107 (4.9)

35 (5.0)

Still smoke [n (%)]

578 (20.2)

370 (17.1)

208 (29.8)

Previous medical history [n (%)]

Myocardial infarction [n (%)]

17 (0.6)

10 (0.5)

7 (1.0)

Hypertensive diseases [n (%)]

2206 (77.1)

1659 (76.7)

547 (78.3)

Diabetes [n (%)]

870 (30.4)

655 (30.3)

215 (30.8)

Atrial fibrillation [n (%)]

487 (17.0)

285 (13.2)

202 (28.9)

Lipid metabolism disorders [n (%)]

16 (0.6)

10 (0.5)

6 (0.9)

Cerebral hemorrhage [n (%)]

71 (2.5)

50 (2.3)

21 (3.0)

Dementia [n (%)]

40 (1.4)

28 (1.3)

12 (1.7)

Psychiatric disorders [n (%)]

13 (0.5)

10 (0.5)

3 (0.4)

Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease [n (%)]

65 (2.3)

44 (2.0)

21 (3.0)

Hemorrhagic disease [n (%)]

45 (1.6)

35 (1.6)

10 (1.4)

Family history of stroke [n (%)]

9 (0.3)

4 (0.2)

5 (0.7)

Heart valve replacement surgery [n (%)]

4 (0.1)

4 (0.2)

0 (0)

The severity of the disease

premorbidity mRS score [M (25%, 75%)]

2 (1, 2)

2 (1, 2)

2 (1, 3)

NIHSS score within 24 h of admission [M (25%, 75%)]

2 (1, 7)

2 (1, 4)

8 (2, 15)

Dysphagia [n (%)]

445 (15.6)

106 (5.0)

339 (48.5)

MAP (Mean ± SD, mmHg)

104.32 ± 13.39

104.45 ± 12.92

103.95 ± 14.76

Pulse (Mean ± SD, Times/minute)

77.64 ± 15.11

76.38 ± 13.76

81.52 ± 18.15

Special treatment plan

Alteplase intravenous thrombolysis [n (%)]

405 (14.2)

289 (13.4)

116 (16.6)

Arterial catheter reperfusion [n (%)]

22 (0.8)

14 (0.7)

8 (1.2)

Thrombectomy treatment [n (%)]

39 (1.4)

22 (1.1)

17 (2.5)

Laboratory indicators

LDL [M (25%,75%), mmol/L]

2.55 (1.94, 3.21)

2.58 (1.97, 3.23)

2.48 (1.83, 3.14)

Hcy [M (25%,75%), umol/L]

15.5 (11.8, 21.0)

15.0 (11.7, 20.1)

17.7 (12.8, 23.2)

HbA1c (Mean ± SD)

6.61 ± 1.63

6.61 ± 1.62

6.59 ± 1.65

ABG [M (25%,75%), mmol/L]

5.7 (5.0, 7.2)

5.6 (5.0, 6.9)

6.3 (5.4, 8.0)

SHR (Mean ± SD)

0.85 ± 0.21

0.82 ± 0.18

0.94 ± 0.26

SCr [M (25%,75%), umol/L]

73.50 (62.10, 88.00)

72.84 (62.07, 86.48)

76.44 (62.59, 93.21)

BUN [M (25%,75%), mmol/L]

5.2 (4.3, 6.5)

5.1 (4.2, 6.2)

5.8 (4.6, 7.7)

UA (Mean ± SD, umol/L)

326.61 ± 102.74

325.84 ± 95.90

329.01 ± 121.55

INR (Mean ± SD)

0.96 ± 0.17

0.95 ± 0.16

1.01 ± 0.19

Prognostic index

Length of hospitalization[M(25%,75%), days]

13 (10, 16)

10 (10, 15)

16 (12, 22)

Died in hospital [n (%)]

61 (2.1)

10 (0.5)

51 (7.3)

Total hospitalization expenses [M (25%,75%), Thousand yuan]

15.0 (11.0, 20.1)

14.2 (11.0, 18.3)

22.0 (14.7, 31.8)

Total hospitalization drug expenses [M (25%,75%), Thousand yuan]

7.2 (4.5, 10.8)

6.8 (4.2, 9.6)

10.8 (6.0, 15.9)

NIHSS score at discharge [M (25%,75%)]

2 (1, 6)

2 (1, 3)

8 (2, 14)

mRS score at discharge [M (25%,75%)]

2 (1, 3)

1 (1, 3)

4 (2, 5)