The association of pain phenotype and providing caregiving with depressive symptom trajectory for older adults: a longitudinal analysis using the health and retirement study

Table 3 Linear mixed model of the association between pain phenotype, caregiving status and depressive trajectory, 2008–2020

Characteristics	Coefficient	95% CI	P value
Intercept	1.478	1.069 to 1.887	< 0.001
Time, slope	0.041	0.036 to 0.046	< 0.001
Pain phenotype
Severe persistent pain group	1.069	0.962 to 1.175	< 0.001
Moderate pain group	0.421	0.331 to 0.510	< 0.001
Back pain group	0.378	0.245 to 0.508	< 0.001
Pain-free group	Ref.
Pain phenotype*time
Severe persistent pain group*Time	-0.016	-0.029 to -0.002	0.025
Moderate pain group*Time	-0.001	-0.013 to 0.010	0.838
Back pain group*Time	0.001	-0.016 to 0.018	0.931
Pain-free group*Time	Ref.
Caregiving status
Providing caregiving	0.434	0.269 to 0.600	< 0.001
Not providing caregiving	Ref.
Caregiving status*Time
Providing caregiving*Time	0.035	0.007 to 0.063	< 0.001
Not providing caregiving*Time	Ref.
Providing caregiving*Pain phenotype
Providing caregiving*Severe persistent pain group	0.061	-0.173 to 0.295	0.611
Providing caregiving*Moderate pain group	-0.135	-0.397 to 0.127	0.313
Providing caregiving*Back pain group	0.232	-0.150 to 0.615	0.234
Providing caregiving*Pain-free group	Ref.
Providing caregivingPain phenotypeTime
Providing caregivingSevere persistent pain groupTime	-0.060	-0.099 to -0.021	0.003
Providing caregivingModerate pain groupTime	-0.033	-0.078 to 0.012	0.146
Providing caregivingBack pain groupTime	-0.086	-0.161 to -0.012	0.024
Providing caregivingPain-free groupTime	Ref.

ISSN: 1471-2318