Fig. 8

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for various machine learning models in the evaluation of the dataset. The curves compare the sensitivity (true positive rate) and 1 - specificity (false positive rate) across different thresholds for Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), AdaBoost, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). Area Under the Curve (AUC) values are displayed in the legend, with GBM showing the highest AUC of 0.757