Table 1 Characteristics of residents by groups in each IC domain impairment profile

Sex (N, %)

p = 0.02

p = 0.006

p = 0.11

p = 0.45

p = 0.92

p = 0.71

p = 0.22

p = 0.23

 Female

87 (67%)

84 (82%)

54 (87%)

18 (67%)

53 (84%)

154 (75%)

63 (75%)

120 (76%)

42 (79%)

86 (72%)

102 (79%)

37 (82%)

 Male

42 (33%)

19 (18%)

8 (13%)

9 (33%)

10 (16%)

50 (25%)

21 (25%)

37 (24%)

11 (21%)

34 (28%)

27 (21%)

8 (18%)

Age, mean (SD)

85.1 (7.76)

86.3 (6.77)

p = 0.46

86.9 (7.23)

p = 0.25

81 (7.70)

85.98 (6.67)

p = 0.002

86.54 (7.26)

p < 0.001

84.80 (8.27)

86.35 (7.31)

p = 0.33

86.30 (5.52)

p = 0.57

85.47 (7.05)

85.31 (7.33)

p = 0.73

88.81 (7.52)

p = 0.001

ADL at baseline (N, %)

 0 (Severe dependency)

9 (7%)

6 (6%)

p = 0.93

13 (21%)

p = 0.009

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

p > 0.9

27 (13%)

p = 0.09

4 (5%)

17 (11%)

p = 0.17

7 (13%)

p = 0.14

3 (2%)

9 (7%)

p = 0.17

16 (36%)

p < 0.001

[1–3] (Moderate dependency)

38 (29%)

41 (40%)

p = 0.13

36 (58%)

p = 0.001

2 (8%)

12 (19%)

p = 0.03

101 (50%)

p < 0.001

24 (28%)

69 (44%)

p = 0.02

22 (42%)

p = 0.16

29 (24%)

68 (53%)

p < 0.001

18 (40%)

p = 0.06

 > 3 (Mild dependency)

81 (63%)

54 (52%)

p = 0.14

13 (21%)

p = 0.001

25 (92%)

49 (79%)

p = 0.16

74 (36%)

p < 0.001

56 (67%)

69 (44%)

p = 0.001

23 (43%)

p = 0.01

87 (73%)

50 (39%)

p < 0.001

11 (24%)

p < 0.001

IC Impairments at baseline (N, %)

 Cognitive domain impairment (yes)

127 (99%)

70 (68%)

p = 0.006

53 (85%)

p = 0.01

11 (41%)

30 (48%)

p = 0.71

84 (41%)

p > 0.9

39 (46%)

66 (42%)

p = 0.60

20 (38%)

p = 0.41

34 (28%)

62 (48%)

p = 0.002

29 (64%)

p < 0.001

 Psychological domain impairment (yes)

77 (60%)

79 (77%)

p = 0.009

57 (92%)

p = 0.01

5 (19%)

16 (25%)

p = 0.66

60 (29%)

p = 0.33

0 (0%)

38 (24%)

p < 0.001

43 (81%)

p < 0.001

32 (27%)

41 (32%)

p = 0.45

8 (18%)

p = 0.32

 Locomotion domain impairment (Yes)

73 (57%)

59 (57%)

p > 0.9

30 (48%)

p = 0.36

8 (30%)

53 (84%)

p < 0.001

101 (50%)

p = 0.08

52 (62%)

84 (53%)

p = 0.26

26 (49%)

p = 0.19

81 (67%)

63 (49%)

p = 0.004

18 (40%)

p = 0.002

 Vitality domain impairment

64 (50%)

72 (70%)

p = 0.002

55 (89%)

p = 0.001

11 (41%)

34 (54%)

p = 0.35

146 (72%)

p = 0.002

47 (56%)

108 (69%)

p = 0.06

36 (68%)

p = 0.22

33 (28%)

113 (88%)

p < 0.001

45 (100%)

p < 0.001

Pneumonia (yes)

28 (22%)

21 (20%)

p = 0.80

6 (10%)

p = 0.04

4 (15%)

54 (86%)

p < 0.001

42 (21%)

p = 0.65

9 (11%)

29 (18%)

p = 0.16

17 (32%)

p = 0.003

18 (15%)

27 (21%)

p = 0.29

10 (22%)

p = 0.38

Charlson Comorbidities Index

 0

41 (32%)

16 (16%)

p = 0.006

6 (10%)

p = 0.002

2 (8%)

17 (27%)

p = 0.07

44 (22%)

p = 0.14

15 (18%)

30 (19%)

p = 0.94

18 (34%)

p = 0.05

26 (21%)

27 (21%)

p > 0.9

10 (22%)

p > 0.9

 2-Jan

37 (28%)

45 (44%)

p = 0.02

22 (35%)

p = 0.43

15 (56%)

19 (30%)

p = 0.04

70 (34%)

p = 0.05

32 (38%)

55 (35%)

p = 0.74

17 (32%)

p = 0.59

44 (37%)

43 (33%)

p = 0.87

17 (38%)

p > 0.9

 4-Mar

9 (7%)

2 (2%)

p = 0.13

5 (8%)

p > 0.9

10 (37%)

3 (5%)

p < 0.001

13 (6%)

p < 0.001

4 (5%)

8 (5%)

p > 0.9

4 (8%)

p = 0.76

8 (7%)

4 (3%)

p = 0.30

4 (9%)

p = 0.87

 > 5

42 (33%)

40 (39%)

p = 0.39

29 (47%)

p = 0.08

0 (0%)

24 (38%)

p = 0.004

77 (38%)

p < 0.001

33 (39%)

64 (41%)

p = 0.93

14 (26%)

p = 0.17

42 (35%)

55 (43%)

p = 0.26

14 (31%)

p = 0.77

Polypharmacy (yes)

99 (77%)

72 (70%)

p = 0.30

48 (75%)

p > 0.9

17 (63%)

48 (76%)

p = 0.30

154 (75%)

p = 0.24

67 (80%)

113 (72%)

p = 0.24

39 (74%)

p = 0.52

100 (83%)

91 (71%)

p = 0.02

28 (62%)

p = 0.007

Comordidity, mean (SD)

4.93 (2.85)

4.96 (2.53)

p = 0.84

4.82 (2.58)

p = 0.95

4.11 (2.43)

4.39 (1.98)

p = 0.38

5.18 (2.86)

p = 0.06

4.67 (2.64)

4.87 (2.78)

p = 0.80

5.41 (2.40)

p = 0.04

4.78 (2.38)

5.01 (2.94)

p = 0.82

5 (2.68)

p = 0.55

GIR (N, %)

 2

41 (32%)

38 (37%)

p = 0.49

45 (72%)

p < 0.001

7 (26%)

18 (29%)

p > 0.9

99 (48%)

p = 0.04

26 (31%)

74 (47%)

p = 0.02

24 (45%)

p = 0.12

30 (25%)

66 (51%)

p < 0.001

28 (62%)

p < 0.001

 3

26 (20%)

38 (37%)

p = 0.007

10 (16%)

p = 0.63

7 (26%)

10 (16%)

p = 0.41

57 (28%)

p > 0.9

25 (30%)

39 (25%)

p = 0.50

10 (19%)

p = 0.22

33 (28%)

30 (23%)

p = 0.53

11 (24%)

p = 0.84

 4

49 (38%)

26 (25%)

p = 0.05

6 (10%)

p = 0.001

8 (30%)

30 (48%)

p = 0.17

43 (21%)

p = 0.44

27 (32%)

37 (24%)

p = 0.19

17 (32%)

p > 0.9

47 (39%)

29 (22%)

p = 0.006

5 (11%)

p = 0.001

 5

11 (8%)

1 (1%)

p = 0.02

1 (2%)

p = 0.12

5 (18%)

5 (7%)

p = 0.27

3 (1%)

p < 0.001

5 (6%)

6 (4%)

p = 0.66

2 (4%)

p = 0.86

10 (8%)

3 (2%)

p = 0.06

0 (0%)

p = 0.10