Table 2 Anthropometric measures, comorbidities, laboratory and clinical data stratified by cognitive impairment

BMI (kg/m2)

28.8 [26.2;32.4]

BMI category, n(%):

0.484

Normal

31 (12.3%)

24 (77.4%)

7 (22.6%)

Overweight

116 (45.8%)

80 (69.0%)

36 (31.0%)

Obese

106 (41.9%)

70 (66.0%)

36 (34.0%)

Weight (kg)

77.0 [68.0;86.0]

77.0 [69.0;87.0]

76.5 [67.5;81.8]

0.245

Height (cm)

161 [155;170]

164 [156;172]

157 [154;164]

<0.001

Hip circumference (cm)

109 [101;118]

109 [102;118]

110 [99.5;119]

0.583

Waist circumference (cm)

102 [91.3;114]

102 [92.0;114]

101 [89.0;113]

0.540

Waist circumference risk, n(%):

0.504

Low

41 (16.3%)

26 (63.4%)

15 (36.6%)

High

211 (83.7%)

148 (70.1%)

63 (29.9%)

Waist-to-hip ratio

0.94 [0.89;0.98]

0.94 [0.89;1.00]

0.93 [0.89;0.96]

0.281

Waist-to-hip ratio risk, n(%):

1.000

Normal

50 (19.8%)

34 (68.0%)

16 (32.0%)

At Risk

203 (80.2%)

140 (69.0%)

63 (31.0%)

Vital signs and comorbidities

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

130 [123;140]

130 [123;140]

136 [129;140]

0.052

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

80.0 [70.0;80.0]

80.0 [70.0;80.0]

80.0 [72.0;80.0]

0.442

Elevated blood pressure, n(%):

0.347

No

67 (27.0%)

50 (74.6%)

17 (25.4%)

Yes

181 (73.0%)

122 (67.4%)

59 (32.6%)

Comorbidities, n(%):

a) Dyslipidemia

0.072

No

72 (28.5%)

56 (77.8%)

16 (22.2%)

Yes

181 (71.5%)

118 (65.2%)

63 (34.8%)

b) Hypertension

0.036

No

79 (31.2%)

62 (78.5%)

17 (21.5%)

Yes

174 (68.8%)

112 (64.4%)

62 (35.6%)

c) Thyroid disorder

0.441

No

217 (86.5%)

152 (70.0%)

65 (30.0%)

Yes

34 (13.5%)

21 (61.8%)

13 (38.2%)

d) Type 2 Diabetes

0.012

No

91 (36.0%)

72 (79.1%)

19 (20.9%)

Yes

162 (64.0%)

102 (63.0%)

60 (37.0%)

e) Cardiovascular disease

0.657

No

195 (77.4%)

132 (67.7%)

63 (32.3%)

Yes

57 (22.6%)

41 (71.9%)

16 (28.1%)

f) Renal disease

0.743

No

225 (88.9%)

156 (69.3%)

69 (30.7%)

Yes

28 (11.1%)

18 (64.3%)

10 (35.7%)

(GDS-15) scale

7.00 [5.00;9.00]

7.00 [5.00;8.00]

8.00 [6.00;9.00]

0.024

Depression

(GDS-15) scale categories, n(%):

0.040

Normal (8+)

141 (55.7%)

105 (74.5%)

36 (25.5%)

Abnormal (< 8)

112 (44.3%)

69 (61.6%)

43 (38.4%)

CLINICAL & BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES

Alkaline Phosphatase (IU/L)

69.0 [57.0;85.0]

67.0 [56.0;84.0]

77.0 [61.0;86.5]

0.043

Phosphate (mmol/L)

1.13 [1.03;1.22]

1.12 [1.02;1.22]

1.14 [1.06;1.22]

0.219

Calcium (mmol/L)

2.29 [2.24;2.37]

2.29 [2.24;2.37]

2.29 [2.23;2.37]

0.944

Parathyroid Hormone (pmol/L)

5.57 [4.09;7.30]

5.73 [4.47;7.12]

5.07 [3.67;7.62]

0.224

Cortisol (morning) (nmol/L)

377 (140)

362 (135)

413 (146)

0.009

Fasting Glucose (mmol/L)

6.13 [5.12;7.29]

6.03 [5.16;7.06]

6.46 [5.10;8.23]

0.073

Insulin (ulU/mL)

13.3 [8.40;18.2]

13.6 [9.00;18.4]

11.4 [7.80;17.5]

0.139

Serum 25-OH-D level (nmol/L)

63.0 [45.0;83.0]

63.0 [45.0;84.8]

63.0 [46.0;81.0]

0.775

Serum 25-OH-D level (nmol/L):

0.708

Sufficient

90 (35.6%)

64 (71.1%)

26 (28.9%)

Insufficient

87 (34.4%)

57 (65.5%)

30 (34.5%)

Deficient

76 (30.0%)

53 (69.7%)

23 (30.3%)