Table 1 Socio-demographic and health-related profile of the study sample by gender, LASI 2017–18
Variable | Category | Total (n = 31902) | Male (n = 15139) | Female (n = 16763) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Outcome variable | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Elder abuse | No | 29,243 (94.8) | 13,851 (95.2) | 15,392 (94.4) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Yes | 1609 (5.2) | 705 (4.8) | 904 (5.6) | Â |
Exposure variable | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pain with Depression | No | 26,196 (82.1) | 12,865 (85.0) | 13,331 (79.5) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Yes | 5706 (17.9) | 2274 (15.0) | 3432 (20.5) | Â |
Sociodemographic variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age | 60–74 | 24,646 (77.3) | 11,603 (76.6) | 13,043 (77.8) | 0.769 |
| Â | 75 and above | 7256 (22.8) | 3537 (23.4) | 3720 (22.2) | Â |
Level of education | No Education | 18,032 (56.5) | 5844 (38.6) | 12,188 (72.7) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Less than 5 years | 3648 (11.4) | 2199 (14.5) | 1450 (8.7) | Â |
|  | 5–9 years | 5688 (17.8) | 3649 (24.1) | 2039 (12.2) |  |
| Â | 10 or more years | 4534 (14.2) | 3448 (22.8) | 1087 (6.5) | Â |
Current marital Status | In union | 19,662 (61.6) | 12,276 (81.1) | 7386 (44.1) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Not in union | 12,240 (38.4) | 2864 (18.9) | 9376 (55.9) | Â |
Residence | Rural | 22,507 (70.6) | 10,909 (72.1) | 11,597 (69.2) | 0.001 |
| Â | Urban | 9395 (29.4) | 4230 (27.9) | 5165 (30.8) | Â |
Living Arrangement | Alone | 1812 (5.7) | 381 (2.5) | 1430 (8.5) | < 0.001 |
| Â | With spouse | 19,443 (61.0) | 12,173 (80.4) | 7270 (43.4) | Â |
| Â | With others | 10,647 (33.4) | 2585 (17.1) | 8062 (48.1) | Â |
MPCE quintiles | Poorest | 6924 (21.7) | 3154 (20.8) | 3771 (22.5) | 0.013 |
| Â | Poorer | 6926 (21.7) | 3228 (21.3) | 3698 (22.1) | Â |
| Â | Middle | 6682 (21.0) | 3271 (21.6) | 3411 (20.4) | Â |
| Â | Richer | 6122 (19.2) | 2910 (19.2) | 3212 (19.2) | Â |
| Â | Richest | 5247 (16.4) | 2577 (17.0) | 2670 (15.9) | Â |
Religion | Hindu | 26,262 (82.3) | 12,435 (82.1) | 13,827 (82.5) | 0.711 |
| Â | Muslim | 3597 (11.3) | 1773 (11.7) | 1824 (10.9) | Â |
| Â | Other | 2043 (6.4) | 931 (6.2) | 1111 (6.6) | Â |
Caste | SC | 6030 (18.9) | 2843 (18.8) | 3188 (19.0) | 0.223 |
| Â | ST | 2594 (8.1) | 1170 (7.7) | 1423 (8.5) | Â |
| Â | OBC | 14,430 (45.2) | 6944 (45.9) | 7486 (44.7) | Â |
| Â | Others | 8848 (27.7) | 4182 (27.6) | 4666 (27.8) | Â |
Number of children alive | 0 | 1133 (3.6) | 566 (3.8) | 567 (3.4) | 0.138 |
|  | 1–2 | 7396 (23.4) | 3421 (23.0) | 3974 (23.8) |  |
| Â | 3 and above | 23,060 (73.0) | 10,898 (73.2) | 12,162 (72.8) | Â |
Socially active | Rarely | 11,305 (35.4) | 4897 (32.3) | 6409 (38.2) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Moderately | 20,389 (63.9) | 10,101 (66.7) | 10,287 (61.4) | Â |
| Â | Frequently | 208 (0.7) | 141 (0.9) | 66 (0.4) | Â |
Functional health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Problems with ADL | No | 24,376 (76.4) | 12,023 (79.4) | 12,354 (73.7) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Yes | 7526 (23.6) | 3117 (20.6) | 4409 (26.3) | Â |
Problems with IADL | No | 17,175 (53.8) | 9554 (63.1) | 7621 (45.5) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Yes | 14,727 (46.2) | 5585 (36.9) | 9142 (54.5) | Â |
Multimorbidity | No | 24,440 (76.6) | 11,847 (78.3) | 12,593 (75.1) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Yes | 7462 (23.4) | 3293 (21.7) | 4170 (24.9) | Â |
Trouble sleeping | Never | 25,067 (78.8) | 12,341 (82.2) | 12,727 (75.8) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Occasionally | 4369 (13.7) | 1717 (11.4) | 2652 (15.8) | Â |
| Â | Frequently | 2359 (7.4) | 949 (6.3) | 1411 (8.4) | Â |
SRH | Good | 9584 (30.7) | 4999 (33.9) | 4586 (27.8) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Fair | 14,084 (45.1) | 6476 (43.9) | 7608 (46.2) | Â |
| Â | Poor | 7559 (24.2) | 3283 (22.3) | 4276 (26.0) | Â |
Behavioural health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Smoking History | Currently Smoking | 4370 (13.8) | 3803 (25.5) | 567 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Not Currently Smoking | 27,267 (86.2) | 11,114 (74.5) | 16,152 (96.6) | Â |
Alcohol History | Never | 29,462 (92.6) | 13,004 (86.4) | 16,458 (98.3) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Occasional drinker | 747 (2.3) | 653 (4.3) | 93 (0.6) | Â |
| Â | Weekly drinker | 658 (2.1) | 583 (3.9) | 75 (0.5) | Â |
| Â | Several times a week | 935 (2.9) | 817 (5.4) | 118 (0.7) | Â |
Supportive Aid for Daily Life | No | 17,811 (56.1) | 8203 (54.7) | 9608 (57.3) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Yes | 13,959 (43.9) | 6788 (45.3) | 7170 (42.7) | Â |
Moderate physical activity | Yes | 19,449 (61.5) | 8292 (55.6) | 11,157 (66.7) | < 0.001 |
| Â | No | 12,190 (38.5) | 6624 (44.4) | 5565 (33.3) | Â |