Table 1 Participant characteristics; TUG & TUGdt test results, and step parameters by group

Characteristics

Dementia (N = 57)^a

MCI (N = 126)

SCI (N = 71)

Controls (N = 50)

Age, years, mean ± SD (range)

78 ± 6.6 (55–94)

73 ± 8.6 (50–91)

67 ± 8.9 (39–85)

73 ± 9.3 (50–89)

Women, n (%)

29 (50.9)

53 (42.1)

32 (45.1)

22 (44.0)

Married or cohabiting, n (%)

37 (64.9)

84 (66.7)

47 (66.2)

31 (62.0)

University educated, n (%)

21 (36.8)

52 (41.3)

31 (43.7)

25 (50.0)

Height (cm), mean ± SD (range)

166.4 ± 8.1 (151–187)

170.3 ± 8.6 (151–193)

171.5 ± 8.9 (153–191)

171.0 ± 9.4 (152–189)

Verbal Fluency Test, IQR (range)

12.0, 8.3–14.0 (3–28)

15.0, 12.0–19.0 (0–35)

21.0, 17.0–25.0 (11–43)

22.5, 19.0–28.3 (11–37)

GDS-4, n ≥ 2 (%)

6 (10.6)

25 (19.8)

21 (29.6)

2 (4.0)

Hand grip (lb), mean ± SD (range)

61.1 ± 22.2 (25–128)

73.8 ± 25.3 (25–130)

82.3 ± 28.5 (34–146)

75.0 ± 25.9 (24–165)

TUG Test Results

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

Median (IQR)

Range

TUG (s)

15.1 (13.7–17.6)

7.9–24.1

12.6 (11.1–14.7)

7.4–29.9

10.8 (9.8–12.3)

7.9–26.5

10.4 (9.2–12.1)

7.4–15.1

TUGdt-NA, (s)

18.2 (15.6–20.9)

9.0–34.6

13.9 (11.8–16.7)

7.4–35.4

12.1 (10.6–14.8)

8.0–28.3

12.2 (10.0–15.4)

7.1–22.8

TUGdt-NA (No. named animals)

4 (3–6)

0–10

6 (5–7)

0–10

7 (6–8)

2–12

8 (7–10)

4–15

TUGdt-MB (s)

20.2 (15.5–22.5)

9.8–54.8

14.3 (12.3–18.2)

7.4–44.4

12.3 (10.9–14.5)

8.0–24.2

11.6 (9.9–15.9)

7.6–23.5

TUGdt-MB (No. recited months)

3 (2–4.5)

0–10

6 (4–8)

0–12

8 (6–9)

2–12

10 (8–11)

3–13

Step Parameter Results

 TUG

Absolute step length (m)

.48 (.41-.53)

.23-.67

.57 (.50-.63)

.28-.83

.62 (.55-.66)

.37-.85

.6 (.54-.67)

.45-.81

Step length/body height (%)^a

28.4 (24.9–32.7)

13.741.3

33.3 (29.5–36.3)

17.3–46.8

35.6 (32.8–38.1)

21.0–46.9

35.8 (32.5–38.3)

25.9–45.8

Step width (m)

.19 (.14-.21)

.10-.30

.18 (.15-.21)

.06-.30

.18 (.15-.20)

.08-.26

.17 (.14-.20)

.02-.30

Step duration, (s)

.64 (.60-.68)

.47–1.34

.62 (.57–0.66)

.50-.77

.61 (.57-.64)

.49-.73

.59 (.56-.63)

.48-.68

DS duration, (s)

.15 (0.13-.19)

.01-.61

.13 (.11–0.16)

.06-.22

.13 (.10-.15)

.05-.21

.12 (.09-.15)

.06-.20

SS duration, (s)

.48 (.45-.51)

.39–0.74

.48 (.45–0.51)

.36-.62

.49 (.45-.51)

.4-.59

.48 (.45-.51)

.39-.56

 TUGdt-NA

Absolute step length (m)

.45 (.39-.52)

.19-.69

.53 (.46–0.59)

.22–0.78

.59 (.50-.65)

.31-.85

.59 (.52-.63)

.37-.77

Step length/body height (%)^b

27.4 (24.0–31.2)

11.2–42.1

31.5 (27.6–34.4)

13.8–43.9

33.8 (30.6–36.7)

17.4–46.0

33.7 (30.9–37.6)

23.5–45.0

Step width (m)

.19 (.16-.22)

.06-.33)

.18 (.15–0.21)

.09–0.30

.18 (.14-.20)

.11-.29

.18 (.13-.21)

.07-.31

Step duration (s)

.74 (.67-.80)

.50–1.73

.69 (.62-.75)

.53–1.45

.67 (.62-.72)

.53-.93

.68 (.62-.76)

.51–1.23

DS duration (s)

.20 (.16-.24)

.05–1.07

.16 (.12-.22)

.07-.61

.14 (.12-.18)

.07-.39

.15 (.12-.20)

.07–0.46

SS duration (s)

.54 (.48-.59)

.39–1.10

.52 (.48–0.56)

.42–0.84

.52 (.48-.55)

.43-.72

.54 (.49-.57)

.43-.77

 TUGdt MB

Absolute step length (m)

.43 (.36-.51)

.18-.72

.53 (.46-.59)

.19–0.75

.58 (.50-.64)

.34-.80

.60 (.51-.64)

.30-.85

Step length/body height (%)^b

26.0 (22.9–30.9)

10.9–40.4

31.3 (26.8–34.8)

12.0–41.9

34.3 (29.7–37.0)

19.0–44.9

34.3 (30.1–37.1)

18.4–46.0

Step width (m)

.20 (.16-.23)

.05–0.35

.19 (.16-.22)

.09–0.31

0.16 (0.14–0.21)

.06-.32

.17 (.14-.19)

.05–0.29

Step duration (s)

.74 (.66-.86)

.51–1.86

.71 (.64–0.80)

.53–1.22

0.67 (0.61–0.75)

.51–1.88

.69 (.62-.85)

.50–1.00

DS duration (s)

.22 (.17-.29)

.07–1.13

.17 (.13–0.22)

.06–0.60

0.16 (0.12–0.18)

.08-.86

.15 (.12-.24)

.08–0.35

SS duration (s)

.52 (.46-.58)

.40–1.29

.54 (.49-.59)

.40–0.77

0.52 (0.48–0.57)

.39–1.02

.54 (.49-.62)

.42–0.76