Table 1 Baseline characteristics before and after propensity‑score matching analysis
Before matching N = 717 | After matching N = 252 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non drivers n = 229 (31.9%) | Drivers n = 488 (68.1%) | Non drivers n = 126 (50%) | Drivers N = 126 (50%) | SMD | ||
Age (years)* | 79.0 (6.1) | 75.3 (5.6) | 76.9 (6) | 76.8 (5.6) | 0.01 | |
Physiological age* | ||||||
Less than chronological age | 74 (32.3) | 146 (29.9) | 45 (35.7) | 37 (29.4) | 0.06 | |
Equal to chronological age | 137 (59.8) | 323 (66.2) | 73 (57.9) | 80 (63.5) | 0.06 | |
More than chronological age | 18 (7.9) | 19 (3.9) | 8 (6.3) | 9 (7.1) | 0.01 | |
Female (%)* | 196 (85.6) | 161 (33) | 99 (78.6) | 94 (74.6) | 0.04 | |
ADL* | 5.9 (0.3) | 6 (0.2) | 5.9 (0.2) | 5.9 (0.2) | 0.05 | |
IADL* | 3.6 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.9 (0.5) | 0.08 | |
Professional caregiver* | 58 (25.3) | 50 (10.2) | 18 (14.3) | 17 (13.5) | 0.01 | |
BMI (kg/m²) | ||||||
< 25 | 69 (30.1) | 119 (24.4) | 37 (29.4) | 34 (27) | 0.02 | |
25–30 | 91 (39.7) | 219 (44.9) | 54 (42.9) | 59 (46.8) | 0.04 | |
> 30 | 69 (30.1) | 150 (30.7) | 35 (27.8) | 33 (26.2) | 0.02 | |
Education level* | ||||||
Primary school | 121 (52.8) | 180 (36.9) | 63 (50) | 58 (46) | 0.04 | |
Secondary school | 74 (32.3) | 184 (37.7) | 40 (31.7) | 44 (34.9) | 0.01 | |
High school or higher | 34 (14.8) | 124 (25.4) | 23 (18.3) | 24 (19) | 0.01 | |
Living area* | ||||||
Rural/Semi-rural | 98 (42.8) | 290 (59.4) | 61 (48.4) | 68 (54.0) | 0.056 | |
Urban area | 131 (57.2) | 198 (40.6) | 65 (51.6) | 58 (46.0) | ||
Professional status* | ||||||
Never had professional activity | 71 (31.0) | 31 (6.4) | 27 (21.4) | 23 (18.3) | 0.03 | |
Currently working or retired | 158 (69.0) | 457 (93.6) | 99 (78.6) | 103 (81.7) | ||
Number of comorbidities* | 3.7 (1.4) | 3.4 (1.5) | 3.5 (1.3) | 3.3 (1.5) | 0.095 | |
Arterial diseases | 30 (13.1) | 78 (16) | 15 (11.9) | 13 (10.3) | 0.01 | |
Atrial fibrillation* | 63 (27.5) | 181 (37.1) | 33 (26.2) | 38 (30.2) | 0.04 | |
Chronic pain* | 169 (73.8) | 271 (55.5) | 87 (69) | 87 (69) | 0.00 | |
Diabetes (type 2) | 86 (37.6) | 206 (42.2) | 45 (35.7) | 45 (35.7) | 0.00 | |
MMSE < 27* | 76 (33.2) | 100 (20.5) | 32 (25.4) | 37 (29.4) | 0.04 | |
Fall in the past year* | 25 (10.9) | 23 (4.7) | 8 (6.3) | 7 (5.6) | 0.01 | |
History of stroke | 9 (3.9) | 12 (2.5) | 3 (2.4) | 2 (1.6) | 0.01 | |
History of coronary artery disease | 20 (8.7) | 51 (10.5) | 10 (7.9) | 9 (7.1) | 0.01 | |
Hypertension | 165 (72.1) | 329 (67.4) | 86 (68.3) | 85 (67.5) | 0.01 | |
Osteoporosis* | 43 (18.8) | 33 (6.8) | 17 (13.5) | 13 (10.3) | 0.03 | |
Chronic respiratory diseases | 20 (8.7) | 68 (13.9) | 13 (10.3) | 10 (7.9) | 0.01 | |
Polypharmacy* | 146 (63.8) | 268 (54.9) | 69 (54.8) | 64 (50.8) | 0.04 | |
Antidepressant treatment at inclusion | 12 (5.2) | 20 (4.1) | 6 (4.8) | 7 (5.6) | 0.01 | |