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Table 3 Demographics and mean monthly DS cost of the older adult participants of the AAA longroad study from baseline to year 5

From: Examining the cost burden of dietary supplements in older adults: an analysis from the AAA longroad study

Cost of Dietary Supplements

 

Baseline

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

 

DS users/total

Mean monthly cost+ (SD)

N

mean (SD)

N

mean (SD)

N

mean (SD)

N

mean (SD)

N

mean (SD)

Total Participants

2990

2869

2714

2551

2226

2068

% of DS Users

70.4%

77.8%

71.5%

80.0%

76.0%

82.7%

Study Site

Denver, CO (A)

466/600

11.94 (16.53) c, e

466/559

14.74 (17.61) b, c,e

362/524

12.18 (17.13) c

417/515

15.57 (18.66) c, d

374/476

12.99 (15.36) c

390/460

15.65 (17.38) c

Cooperstown, NY (B)

428/601

10.39 (13.85) e

436/584

11.34 (14.42)

422/560

11.90 (16.21) c

384/500

13.31 (17.48) c

332/433

11.21 (13.86) c

329/409

12.85 (15.66) c

Baltimore, MD (C)

428/588

9.25 (13.70)

436/559

11.00 (14.79)

326/529

7.69 (13.10)

392/513

9.98 (14.65)

307/467

7.83 (13.13)

286/390

9.52 (15.05)

Ann Arbor, MI (D)

472/601

11.95 (14.73) c, e

480/592

12.83 (15.94)

425/564

11.19 (14.93) c

409/513

12.52 (15.62)

323/387

11.49 (15.42) c

315/360

13.88 (17.16) c

San Diego, CA (E)

314/600

7.60 (14.29)

404/575

10.92 (15.90)

392/537

11.98 (16.91) c

425/510

14.36 (17.50) c

343/463

11.46 (15.56) c

383/449

14.23 (16.73) c

Age group

65–69 years (A)

848/1243

8.98 (13.12)

688/910

10.67 (14.16)

437/641

8.85 (13.06)

305/398

10.27 (14.77)

121/164

8.84 (11.64)

0

- (-)

70–74 years (B)

710/1037

10.22 (14.90)

844/1100

11.93 (15.84)

772/1103

11.34 (16.04) a

843/1080

13.11 (16.32) a

748/1019

10.06 (14.11)

734/911

11.82 (15.09)

75–79 years (C)

530/710

12.43 (16.82) a, b

604/753

13.65 (16.89) a

549/753

11.78 (16.61) a

615/755

14.00 (16.97) a

524/680

11.49 (14.85)

601/725

13.61 (16.46)

80 and over (D)

0

- (-)

81/100

17.46 (19.53) a, b

169/216

13.02 (17.12)

261,315

14.86 (18.25) a

286/363

13.64 (15.17) a, b

367/430

16.08 (17.19) b, c

Gender

Male (A)

895/1403

8.55 (13.49)

948/1340

10.06 (14.22)

811/1266

8.95 (13.86)

872/1197

10.74 (14.96)

712/1027

9.29 (14.12)

725/950

11.30 (15.55)

Female (B)

1193/1587

11.70 (15.62) a

1269/1523

14.02 (16.90) a

1116/1447

12.79 (17.12) a

1152/1351

15.28 (18.25) a

967/1199

12.44 (15.17) a

977/1116

15.07 (17.19) a

Race/Ethnicity

White, Non-Hispanic (A)

1813/2559

10.63 (14.92) b

1911/2453

12.55 (16.04) b

1681/2327

11.58 (16.25) b

1742/2187

13.60 (17.21) b

1468/1914

11.35 (14.82) b

1483/1782

13.80 (16.85) b

Black, Non-Hispanic (B)

134/213

6.46 (12.97)

146/203

7.71 (13.35)

111/191

5.38 (9.70)

130/178

7.12 (12.54)

91/155

5.24 (11.05)

95/136

7.54 (12.13)

American Indian (C)

13/18

9.26 (12.94)

14/18

12.44 (17.37)

11/16

11.74 (18.13)

9/13

16.04 (20.52)

10/11

15.09 (20.64)

11/11

13.37 (19.14)

Asian (D)

35/64

10.64 (16.25)

43/60

13.44 (17.47)

44/59

10.70 (13.70)

50/56

15.21 (15.37) b

34/47

11.70 (16.50)

35/43

13.16 (16.72)

Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander (E)

6/9

6.54 (6.15)

7/9

7.52 (6.96)

6/8

6.20 (11.33)

7/7

9.77 (12.18)

5/6

8.74 (12.87)

6/6

13.25 (18.68)

Other, Non-Hispanic (F)

21/32

10.57 (14.59)

25/31

12.97 (14.28)

17/28

10.00 (17.64)

22/28

14.81 (19.17)

19/26

13.76 (18.94)

20/24

16.50 (18.18)

Hispanic (G)

55/83

7.51 (12.53)

60/77

10.90 (13.62)

48/72

8.54 (11.85)

55/68

12.20 (15.86)

43/57

12.07 (15.05)

45/56

11.51 (12.80)

Refused (H)

11/12

10.08 (9.83)

11/12

12.45 (13.41)

9/12

10.97 (15.71)

9/11

11.73 (14.03)

9/10

10.79 (13.90)

7/8

10.99 (15.47)

Education

HS deg. or less (A)

226/336

9.89 (14.93)

208/313

11.19 (15.63)

208/294

10.82 (16.23)

202/260

12.53 (17.16)

158/222

10.12 (15.82)

149/186

13.30 (18.84)

Some college/ Vocational (B)

374/528

9.39 (13.86)

512

11.07 (15.22)

324/478

9.83 (15.13)

335/442

11.67 (17.04)

280/380

10.25 (15.51)

281/340

12.74 (17.68)

Associate’s/Bachelor’s deg. (C)

623/896

10.21 (14.33)

863

12.38 (15.80)

583/817

11.74 (16.17)

611/775

13.59 (16.84)

493/663

11.09 (14.41)

522/637

13.60 (16.61)

Advanced college deg. (D)

861/1221

10.72 (15.35)

1167

12.79 (16.15)

808/1116

11.05 (15.71)

874/1065

13.64 (16.92)

746/957

11.42 (14.50)

746/897

13.42 (15.60)

Household income

Less than $20,000 (A)

81/134

6.78 (10.39)

86/123

8.44 (15.48)

71/108

6.98 (10.95)

77/108

9.35 (12.31)

56/85

7.79 (13.34)

64/85

9.97 (13.88)

$20,000 - $49,999 (B)

468/640

10.57 (14.29)

523/651

12.04 (14.82)

458/632

11.21 (16.56)

471/578

13.59 (17.61)

373/493

10.72 (14.12)

357/438

12.58 (16.49)

$50,000 - $79,999 (C)

512/720

11.25 (16.11) a

550/701

13.34 (17.19) a

462/667

11.22 (16.48)

502/635

13.71 (18.13)

423/552

11.64 (15.48)

428/509

14.14 (16.82)

$80,000 - $99,999 (D)

307/431

10.27 (14.42)

318/407

13.11 (16.47) a

288/381

11.57 (15.63)

284/349

13.59 (16.62)

249/313

11.82 (15.25)

251/294

14.48 (17.51)

$100,000 or greater (E)

638/959

9.48 (14.51)

668/897

11.26 (15.16)

593/853

10.67 (15.01)

644/821

12.76 (16.11)

537/735

10.51 (14.65)

567/700

12.96 (16.22)

Work status^

No (A)

1472/2084

10.66 (14.90) b

1618/2067

12.61 (16.12) b

1471/2010

11.51 (15.98) b

1580/1963

13.42 (17.02)

1364/1778

11.27 (14.74) b

1422/1704

13.59 (16.62)

Yes (B)

614/904

9.19 (14.32)

597/793

11.08 (15.03)

451/694

9.62 (15.26)

442/581

12.29 (16.69)

311/441

9.71 (14.38)

279/360

12.15 (16.29)

  1. a-h Superscripts reflect significance (p < 0.05) compared to the associated subgroup (A-H)
  2. *: significant p < 0.05 against all other categories combined, with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons
  3. ^: “Did you work for pay at any time in the past month?”
  4. +: Mean cost for all participants (DS users and non-users)