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Table 3 Comparison of post intervention values between groups, using baseline values as covariates (ANCOVA)

From: The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques compared to general aerobic exercise on balance, fear of falling, and quality of life in older adults living in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial

Outcomes

Aerobic exercise group (n = 26)

PNF techniques group (n = 26)

Levene’s Test

Between-Group Differences

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

P-value

P-Value

Effect Size

BBS Score

44.57 (6.10)

45.00 (6.03)

0.527

0.506

0.009

FRT Score (cm)

19.54 (7.35)

17.30 (7.33)

0.578

0.649

0.004

TUG Time (sec)

13.95 (3.59)

13.96 (3.19)

0.914

0.279

0.024

FES-I Score

26.96 (12.14)

30.30 (12.38)

0.343

0.479

0.010

WHOQOL-OLD Score

87.80 (16.20)

89.73 (19.26)

0.142

0.832

0.001

  1. BBS: Berg Balance Scale; FRT: Functional Reach Test; TUG: Timed Up and Go; FES-1: Falls Efficacy Scale– International; WHOQOL-OLD: World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old module