Table 1 Comparison of ADL impairment in older adults with different characteristics

Personal Trait Factors

 Gender

Male

3270

15.94

17,241

84.06

421.319

< 0.001

Female

4872

24.07

15,365

75.93

 Chronic illness

No

5153

17.61

24,108

82.39

364.914

< 0.001

Yes

2989

26.02

8498

73.98

Behavioral Psychological Factors

 Smoking

No

6352

21.81

22,769

78.19

214.017

< 0.001

Yes

1790

15.40

9837

84.60

 Drinking

No

7336

21.55

26,704

78.45

318.682

< 0.001

Yes

806

12.02

5902

87.98

 Exercise

No

5438

23.90

17,316

76.10

494.644

< 0.001

Yes

2704

15.03

15,290

84.97

 Life satisfaction

Very dissatisfied

334

28.82

825

71.18

176.385

Unsatisfactory

647

26.12

1830

73.88

Average

1956

18.48

8628

81.52

Satisfied

2211

17.83

10,186

82.17

Very satisfied

2994

21.19

11,137

78.81

Family network factors

 Region

East

3335

17.92

15,279

82.08

207.944

< 0.001

Central

2214

18.97

9457

81.03

West

2593

24.78

7870

75.22

 Place of residence

Rural

4933

22.88

16,624

77.12

241.116

< 0.001

Urban

3209

16.72

15,982

83.28

 Marital status

Single

2631

31.00

5857

69.00

813.632

< 0.001

Married

5511

17.08

26,749

82.92

 Educational attainment

Never been to school

5534

26.12

15,654

73.88

154.387

< 0.001

Elementary school and below

1350

14.96

7673

85.04

Junior high school and high school

1094

11.92

8082

88.08

Specialized and above

164

12.05

1197

87.95

Living environment factors

 Work status

No

6033

24.57

18,524

75.43

812.937

< 0.001

Yes

2109

13.03

14,082

86.97

 Income level

Low-income group

3243

25.25

9600

74.75

491.666

< 0.001

Lower middle income group

2058

21.21

7647

78.79

Upper middle-income group

1569

17.57

7363

82.43

High-income group

1272

13.72

7996

86.28

 Accessibility of medical services

General Hospital

2623

20.43

10,218

79.57

21.810

< 0.001

Specialized hospitals

401

23.51

1305

76.49

Community/township health service center

1931

19.51

7964

80.49

Community Health Service Station/Village Health Office

1813

19.04

7710

80.96

Clinic

1374

20.26

5409

79.74

Policy environment factors

 Pension Insurance

No

3338

19.46

13,819

80.54

5.123

0.024

Yes

4804

20.36

18,787

79.64

 Medical insurance

No

894

22.98

2997

77.02

298.731

< 0.001

New Rural Cooperative Medical System

5685

21.79

20,401

78.21

Urban/rural/rural residents' medical insurance

629

17.00

3072

83.00

Employee Medical Insurance

934

13.21

6136

86.79