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Table 2 Demographics and characteristics of participants stratified by presence of cognitive impairment and/or depression

From: Association of the overlap of cognitive impairment and depression with 6-month mortality in hospitalized older adults: results from the Re.Po.SI register

 

Final analytical sample

None

Depression only

Cognitive Impairment (CI)6 only

Both

P value

Number of participants, n (%)

1956 (100)

649 (33.2)

428 (21.9)

404 (20.7)

475 (24.3)

 

Age, median [IQR]

80.0 [73.0, 85.0]

78.0 [72.0, 83.0]

77.0 [71.0, 83.0]

82.0 [76.0, 87.0]

83.0 [77.0, 87.0]

 < 0.001c

Sex = Male (%)

967 (49.4)

400 (61.6)

192 (44.9)

193 (47.8)

182 (38.3)

 < 0.001a

Education years, median [IQR]

5.0 [5.0, 8.0]

8.0 [5.0, 12.0]

8.0 [5.0, 10.0]

5.0 [5.0, 8.0]

5.0 [5.0, 8.0]

 < 0.001c

Civil status, n (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 married

1001 (52.7)

372 (59.4)

233 (55.2)

187 (48.1)

209 (45.3)

 

 widowed

720 (37.9)

197 (31.5)

139 (32.9)

165 (42.4)

219 (47.5)

 

 separated

29 (1.5)

11 (1.8)

9 (2.1)

6 (1.5)

3 (0.7)

 

 divorced

32 (1.7)

12 (1.9)

9 (2.1)

6 (1.5)

5 (1.1)

 

 single

116 (6.1)

34 (5.4)

32 (7.6)

25 (6.4)

25 (5.4)

 

Living with = others (%)

1394 (75.1)

453 (73.3)

301 (74.3)

286 (74.1)

354 (79.0)

0.166a

Alcohol consumption (%)

     

0.013a

 Never

1013 (53.1)

322 (51.1)

216 (51.3)

195 (49.5)

280 (60.7)

 

 ex-drinker

103 (5.4)

28 (4.4)

25 (5.9)

30 (7.6)

20 (4.3)

 

 drinker

318 (16.7)

117 (18.6)

67 (15.9)

73 (18.5)

61 (13.2)

 

 Social drinker

472 (24.8)

163 (25.9)

113 (26.8)

96 (24.4)

100 (21.7)

 

Collar1 = White (%)

549 (38.2)

215 (45.6)

134 (43.5)

96 (32.7)

104 (28.7)

 < 0.001a

P-ADL2 median [IQR]

91.0 [68.0, 100.0]

100.0 [89.0, 100.0]

92.0 [77.2, 100.0]

82.0 [53.0, 97.0]

74.0 [39.5, 92.0]

 < 0.001c

Specific P-ADL2: Personal hygiene (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

135 (7.0)

18 (2.8)

16 (3.8)

39 (9.8)

62 (13.1)

 

 1

102 (5.3)

13 (2.0)

14 (3.3)

26 (6.5)

49 (10.4)

 

 3

229 (11.8)

34 (5.3)

28 (6.6)

77 (19.2)

90 (19.1)

 

 4

277 (14.3)

53 (8.3)

72 (17.1)

67 (16.8)

85 (18.0)

 

 5

1192 (61.6)

523 (81.6)

292 (69.2)

191 (47.8)

186 (39.4)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Bathing (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

211 (10.9)

29 (4.5)

36 (8.5)

56 (14.0)

90 (19.1)

 

 1

128 (6.6)

18 (2.8)

15 (3.6)

32 (8.0)

63 (13.3)

 

 3

288 (14.9)

45 (7.0)

51 (12.1)

88 (22.0)

104 (22.0)

 

 4

318 (16.4)

71 (11.1)

92 (21.8)

76 (19.0)

79 (16.7)

 

 5

990 (51.2)

478 (74.6)

228 (54.0)

148 (37.0)

136 (28.8)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Feeding (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

65 (3.4)

17 (2.7)

7 (1.7)

20 (5.0)

21 (4.4)

 

 2

58 (3.0)

6 (0.9)

3 (0.7)

16 (4.0)

33 (7.0)

 

 5

169 (8.7)

19 (3.0)

22 (5.2)

49 (12.2)

79 (16.7)

 

 8

211 (10.9)

34 (5.3)

39 (9.2)

61 (15.2)

77 (16.3)

 

 10

1432 (74.0)

565 (88.1)

351 (83.2)

254 (63.5)

262 (55.5)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Toileting (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

147 (7.6)

18 (2.8)

18 (4.3)

42 (10.5)

69 (14.6)

 

 2

111 (5.7)

20 (3.1)

15 (3.6)

32 (8.0)

44 (9.3)

 

 5

160 (8.3)

16 (2.5)

30 (7.1)

45 (11.2)

69 (14.6)

 

 8

251 (13.0)

59 (9.2)

54 (12.8)

60 (15.0)

78 (16.5)

 

 10

1266 (65.4)

528 (82.4)

305 (72.3)

221 (55.2)

212 (44.9)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Stair Climbing (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

328 (17.0)

40 (6.2)

60 (14.2)

94 (23.5)

134 (28.4)

 

 2

150 (7.8)

26 (4.1)

28 (6.6)

35 (8.8)

61 (12.9)

 

 5

317 (16.4)

63 (9.8)

70 (16.6)

79 (19.8)

105 (22.2)

 

 8

351 (18.1)

122 (19.0)

83 (19.7)

70 (17.5)

76 (16.1)

 

 10

789 (40.8)

390 (60.8)

181 (42.9)

122 (30.5)

96 (20.3)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Dressing (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

141 (7.3)

20 (3.1)

15 (3.6)

41 (10.2)

65 (13.8)

 

 2

123 (6.4)

14 (2.2)

19 (4.5)

34 (8.5)

56 (11.9)

 

 5

231 (11.9)

33 (5.1)

44 (10.4)

60 (15.0)

94 (19.9)

 

 8

287 (14.8)

61 (9.5)

62 (14.7)

77 (19.2)

87 (18.4)

 

 10

1153 (59.6)

513 (80.0)

282 (66.8)

188 (47.0)

170 (36.0)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Bladder control (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

152 (7.9)

30 (4.7)

15 (3.6)

43 (10.8)

64 (13.6)

 

 2

87 (4.5)

10 (1.6)

11 (2.6)

25 (6.2)

41 (8.7)

 

 5

174 (9.0)

18 (2.8)

32 (7.6)

54 (13.5)

70 (14.9)

 

 8

285 (14.7)

52 (8.1)

61 (14.5)

77 (19.2)

95 (20.2)

 

 10

1236 (63.9)

531 (82.8)

303 (71.8)

201 (50.2)

201 (42.7)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Bowel control (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

112 (5.8)

19 (3.0)

9 (2.1)

34 (8.5)

50 (10.6)

 

 2

73 (3.8)

11 (1.7)

10 (2.4)

20 (5.0)

32 (6.8)

 

 5

133 (6.9)

17 (2.7)

25 (5.9)

39 (9.8)

52 (11.0)

 

 8

187 (9.7)

26 (4.1)

36 (8.5)

58 (14.5)

67 (14.2)

 

 10

1430 (73.9)

568 (88.6)

342 (81.0)

249 (62.3)

271 (57.4)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Ambulation (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

146 (7.7)

21 (3.3)

21 (5.1)

43 (10.9)

61 (13.5)

 

 3

135 (7.1)

21 (3.3)

23 (5.6)

30 (7.6)

61 (13.5)

 

 8

285 (15.1)

45 (7.1)

62 (15.0)

80 (20.4)

98 (21.7)

 

 12

452 (23.9)

125 (19.7)

96 (23.2)

114 (29.0)

117 (25.9)

 

 15

874 (46.2)

421 (66.5)

212 (51.2)

126 (32.1)

115 (25.4)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Wheelchair (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

80 (44.2)

20 (40.8)

20 (51.3)

17 (47.2)

23 (40.4)

 

 1

21 (11.6)

2 (4.1)

4 (10.3)

4 (11.1)

11 (19.3)

 

 3

20 (11.0)

1 (2.0)

1 (2.6)

8 (22.2)

10 (17.5)

 

 4

7 (3.9)

1 (2.0)

2 (5.1)

3 (8.3)

1 (1.8)

 

 5

53 (29.3)

25 (51.0)

12 (30.8)

4 (11.1)

12 (21.1)

 

Specific P-ADL2: Bed to chair transfer (%)

     

 < 0.001a

 0

143 (7.4)

19 (3.0)

16 (3.8)

36 (9.0)

72 (15.3)

 

 3

152 (7.9)

28 (4.4)

27 (6.4)

38 (9.5)

59 (12.5)

 

 8

238 (12.3)

33 (5.1)

46 (10.9)

72 (18.0)

87 (18.4)

 

 12

358 (18.5)

90 (14.0)

84 (19.9)

89 (22.3)

95 (20.1)

 

 15

1043 (53.9)

471 (73.5)

249 (59.0)

164 (41.1)

159 (33.7)

 

CIRS3 Illness Severity Index, median [IQR]

1.7 [1.5, 1.9]

1.6 [1.4, 1.8]

1.7 [1.5, 1.9]

1.7 [1.5, 1.9]

1.7 [1.5, 2.0]

 < 0.001c

CIRS3 Co-morbidity Index, median [IQR]

3.0 [2.0, 4.0]

3.0 [1.0, 4.0]

3.0 [2.0, 4.0]

3.0 [2.0, 4.0]

3.0 [2.0, 5.0]

 < 0.001c

Prescribed pharmaceuticals median [IQR]

6.0 [4.0, 8.0]

5.0 [3.0, 7.0]

6.0 [4.0, 8.0]

5.0 [3.0, 8.0]

6.0 [4.0, 8.0]

 < 0.001c

GDS4, median [IQR]

1.0 [0.0, 2.0]

0.0 [0.0, 1.0]

2.0 [2.0, 3.0]

1.0 [0.0, 1.0]

2.0 [2.0, 3.0]

 < 0.001c

SBT5, median [IQR]

8.0 [3.8, 14.0]

4.0 [0.0, 6.0]

4.0 [2.0, 6.0]

15.0 [12.0, 21.0]

16.0 [12.0, 22.0]

 < 0.001c

Cognitive impairment diagnosis = yes (%)

879 (44.9)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

404 (100.0)

475 (100.0)

 < 0.001a

CIRS ICD for CI6,7, (%)

165 (8.4)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

68 (16.8)

97 (20.4)

 < 0.001a

CIRS text, (%)

162 (8.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

66 (16.3)

96 (20.2)

 < 0.001a

Pharmaceuticals ATC code for CI8, (%)

20 (1.0)

0 ( 0.0)

0 ( 0.0)

4 (1.0)

16 ( 3.4)

 < 0.001b

SBT ≥ 10, (%)

860 (44.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

397 (98.3)

463 (97.5)

 < 0.001a

Depression diagnosis = yes (%)

903 (46.2)

0 (0.0)

428 (100.0)

0 ( 0.0)

475 (100.0)

 < 0.001a

CIRS ICD for depression9, (%)

77 (3.9)

0 (0.0)

38 ( 8.9)

0 ( 0.0)

39 ( 8.2)

 < 0.001a

CIRS text for depression, (%)

205 (10.5)

0 ( 0.0)

104 (24.3)

0 ( 0.0)

101 (21.3)

 < 0.001a

Pharmaceuticals ATC code for depression10, (%)

331 (16.9)

0 ( 0.0)

147 (34.4)

0 ( 0.0)

184 (38.8)

 < 0.001a

GDS ≥ 2, (%)

706 (42.0)

0 ( 0.0)

340 (83.5)

0 ( 0.0)

366 (85.9)

 < 0.001a

Death at 6 months = yes (%)

484 (24.7)

116 ( 17.9)

97 ( 22.7)

134 ( 33.2)

137 ( 28.8)

 < 0.001a

Days of follow up median [IQR]

180.0 [180.0, 180.0]

180.0 [180.0, 180.0]

180.0 [180.0, 180.0]

180.0 [91.0, 180.0]

180.0 [115.0, 180.0]

0.061

  1. 1White-collar workers generally perform job duties in an office or other administrative settings
  2. 2Personal Activities of Daily Living score with Barthel Scale
  3. 3Cumulative Illness Rating Scale
  4. 4Geriatric Depression Scale (4-point scale)
  5. 5Short Blessed Test
  6. 6Cognitive impairment
  7. 7Presence of ICD (The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) codes for dementia in CIRS (290.0, 290.1, 290.2, 290.3, 290.4, 290.8, 290.8, 290.9, 291.2, 294.1)
  8. 8Presence of medications coded as "N06D" (Anti-dementia drugs) under the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System
  9. 9Presence of ICD (The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) codes for depression in CIRS (296.1, 296.3, 296.4, 298.0, 300.4)
  10. 10Presence of medications coded as "N06A" (Antidepressants) under the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System
  11. 11Follow up
  12. MISSING
  13. Civil status, n (%) = 58 (3.0)
  14. Living with, n (%) = 99 (5.1)
  15. Alcohol consumption, n (%) = 50 (2.6)
  16. Collar, n (%) = 519 (26.5)
  17. Specific P-ADL2: Personal hygiene, n (%) = 21(1.1)
  18. Specific P-ADL2: Bathing, n (%) = 21(1.1)
  19. Specific P-ADL2: Feeding, n (%) = 21(1.1)
  20. Specific P-ADL2: Toileting, n (%) = 21(1.1)
  21. Specific P-ADL2: Stair Climbing, n (%) = 21(1.1)
  22. Specific P-ADL2: Dressing, n (%) = 21(1.1)
  23. Specific P-ADL2: Bladder control, n (%) = 22(1.1)
  24. Specific P-ADL2: Bowel control, n (%) = 21(1.1)
  25. Specific P-ADL2: Ambulation, n (%) = 64(3.3)
  26. Specific P-ADL2: Wheelchair, n (%) = 1775 (90)
  27. Specific P-ADL2: Bed to chair transfer, n (%) = 22(1.1)
  28. Pharmaceuticals ATC code for CD8, n (%) = 2(0.1)
  29. Pharmaceuticals ATC code for depression10 n (%) = 2(0.1)
  30. GDS ≥ 2, n (%) = 274 (14.0)
  31. STATISTICAL TEST USED
  32. Chi-squared testa
  33. Fisher’s exact testb
  34. Mann–Whitney U-testc
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