Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Age group(%)

0.614

 60–70

3113(63.4)

2439(63.7)

674(62.3)

 70–80

1498(30.5)

1162(30.3)

336(31.1)

 >=80

302(6.1)

230(6.0)

72(6.7)

Gender(%)

< 0.001

 Female

2667(54.3)

2007(52.4)

660(61.0)

 Male

2246(45.7)

1824(47.6)

422(39.0)

Obesity(%)

0.051

 BMI < 24

2867(58.4)

2264(59.1)

603(55.7)

 BMI > = 24

2046(41.6)

1567(40.9)

479(44.3)

Residence(%)

0.003

 Rural

4061(82.7)

3133(81.8)

928(85.8)

 Urban

852(17.3)

698(18.2)

154(14.2)

Marital status(%)

0.664

 Unmarried

1136(23.1)

880(23.0)

256(23.7)

 Married

3777(76.9)

2951(77.0)

826(76.3)

Smoking(%)

0.001

 No

2718(55.3)

2069(54.0)

649(60.0)

 Yes

2195(44.7)

1762(46.0)

433(40.0)

Drinking(%)

0.562

 No

2989(60.8)

2322(60.6)

667(61.6)

 Yes

1924(39.2)

1509(39.4)

415(38.4)

Sleep quality(%)

< 0.001

 Poor

1922(39.1)

1421(37.1)

501(46.3)

 Good

2991(60.9)

2410(62.9)

581(53.7)

Sleeping time

(hour)

mean(SD)

6.1(2.1)

6.3(2.1)

5.8(2.2)

< 0.001

Vision(%)

0.002

 Poor

4302(87.6)

3325(86.8)

977(90.3)

 Good

611(12.4)

506(13.2)

105(9.7)

Hearing(%)

< 0.001

 Poor

3687(75.0)

2823(73.7)

864(79.9)

 Good

1226(25.0)

1008(26.3)

218(20.1)

Waist(mean(SD))

85.2(14.1)

85.2(14.1)

85.3(14.0)

0.781

Grip strength(mean(SD))

24.7(8.9)

25.2(8.9)

22.8(8.6)

< 0.001

Pain(%)

1

 No

255(5.2)

199(5.2)

56(5.2)

 Yes

4658(94.8)

3632(94.8)

1026(94.8)

ADL score(mean(SD))

5.9(0.5)

5.9(0.4)

5.8(0.7)

< 0.001

Cognition(mean(SD))

9.2(4.4)

9.4(4.4)

8.5(4.4)

< 0.001

Health(%)

< 0.001

 Poor

4172(84.9)

3192(83.3)

980(90.6)

 Good

741(15.1)

639(16.7)

102(9.4)

Depression(%)

< 0.001

 No

2853(58.1)

2364(61.7)

489(45.2)

 Yes

2060(41.9)

1467(38.3)

593(54.8)

HTN(%)

0.036

 No

3181(64.7)

2510(65.5)

671(62.0)

 Yes

1732(35.3)

1321(34.5)

411(38.0)

DL(%)

0.416

 No

4186(85.2)

3273(85.4)

913(84.4)

 Yes

727(14.8)

558(14.6)

169(15.6)

DBS(%)

0.001

 No

4448(90.5)

3496(91.3)

952(88.0)

 Yes

CA(%)

0.749

 No

4861(98.9)

3789(98.9)

1072(99.1)

 Yes

52(1.1)

42(1.1)

10(0.9)

CLD(%)

0.007

 No

4214(85.8)

3314(86.5)

900(83.2)

 Yes

699(14.2)

517(13.5)

182(16.8)

LiverD(%)

0.004

 No

4717(96.0)

3695(96.5)

1022(94.5)

 Yes

196(4.0)

136(3.5)

60(5.5)

HD(%)

0.026

 No

3947(80.3)

3104(81.0)

843(77.9)

 Yes

966(19.7)

727(19.0)

239(22.1)

STK(%)

0.058

 No

4775(97.2)

3733(97.4)

1042(96.3)

 Yes

138(2.8)

98(2.6)

40(3.7)

KD(%)

< 0.001

 No

4539(92.4)

3589(93.7)

950(87.8)

 Yes

374(7.6)

242(6.3)

132(12.2)

DigestD(%)

0.004

 No

3760(76.5)

2968(77.5)

792(73.2)

 Yes

1153(23.5)

863(22.5)

290(26.8)

MentalD(%)

0.011

 No

4849(98.7)

3790(98.9)

1059(97.9)

 Yes

64(1.3)

41(1.1)

23(2.1)

MRD(%)

0.055

 No

4799(97.7)

3751(97.9)

1048(96.9)

 Yes

114(2.3)

80(2.1)

34(3.1)

AR(%)

< 0.001

 No

3008(61.2)

2438(63.6)

570(52.7)

 Yes

1905(38.8)

1393(36.4)

512(47.3)

Asthma(%)

0.014

 No

4624(94.1)

3623(94.6)

1001(92.5)

 Yes

289(5.9)

208(5.4)

81(7.5)

HTN DRUG(%)

0.145

 No

4654(94.7)

3639(95.0)

1015(93.8)

 Yes

259(5.3)

192(5.0)

67(6.2)

DBS DRUG(%)

0.291

 No

4833(98.4)

3773(98.5)

1060(98.0)

 Yes

80(1.6)

58(1.5)

22(2.0)

CA DRUG(%)

0.704

 No

4894(99.6)

3815(99.6)

1079(99.7)

 Yes

19(0.4)

16(0.4)

3(0.3)

STK DRUG(%)

0.64

 No

4871(99.1)

3800(99.2)

1071(99.0)

 Yes

42(0.9)

31(0.8)

11(1.0)

Prostate DRUG(%)

0.318

 No

4727(96.2)

3692(96.4)

1035(95.7)

 Yes

186(3.8)

139(3.6)

47(4.3)

Pain DRUG(%)

< 0.001

 No

4443(90.4)

3524(92.0)

919(84.9)

 Yes

470(9.6)

307(8.0)

163(15.1)