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Table 2 Participants’ demographic characteristics

From: The relationship of self-esteem and mental health among older adults with the mediating role of loneliness

Characteristics

N

%

Marital status

Single

12

3.4

Married

278

77.9

Divorced

19

5.3

Widowed

48

13.4

Gender

Female

159

44.5

Male

198

55.5

Living arrangement

Alone

41

11.5

With spouse

183

51.3

With children

44

12.3

With others

89

24.93

Educational level

Illiterate

46

12.9

Primary

78

21.8

Secondary

57

16

Diploma

93

26.1

University

83

23.2

Income

More than expenses

19

5.3

Equal to expenses

170

47.6

Less than expenses

168

47.1

Occupation

Employee

15

4.2

Retired

213

59.7

Housewife

104

29.1

Unemployed

25

7

Number of children

0

19

5.3

1

16

4.5

2 or more

322

90.2

Leisure-time activity

Studying

61

17.1

Recreation

33

9.2

Traveling

14

3.9

Participation in religious classes

16

4.5

Physical exercise

42

11.8

Taking a rest

191

53.5