Table 2 Bivariable comparison of patients who died in-hospital (death) with those who recovered to discharge (survival)
Variable | Death (n = 39) | Survival (n = 129) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Value median (IQR) | |||
Demographic variables | |||
Age, y | 81 (75–87) | 77 (72–82) | 0.0218 |
Gender | 0.174 | ||
Female | 9 | 46 | |
Male | 30 | 83 | |
Smoking | 0.244 | ||
ex-smoker | 30 | 86 | |
never-smoker | 9 | 43 | |
Length of hospital stay | 17 (10–25) | 16 (11–18) | 0.875 |
Disease | |||
Pneumonia | 14 | 72 | 0.0435 |
Lung Cancer | 12 | 22 | 0.0714 |
ILD | 12 | 18 | 0.0294 |
COPD | 0 | 4 | 0.574 |
Pneumothorax | 0 | 3 | 0.564 |
Asthma | 0 | 3 | 1 |
Pulmonary malignant lymphoma | 1 | 1 | 0.411 |
Pulmonary embolism | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Hemoptysis due to bronchiectasis | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Pulmonary artery hypertension | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Allergy to antituberculosis drugs | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Vital signs | |||
SpO2/FiO2 rate | 328 (212–428) | 428 (375–466) | 0.00015 |
Respiratory rate, /min | 24 (20–29) | 18 (18–24) | < 0.0001 |
ROX index | 13 (7–19) | 22 (17–25) | < 0.0001 |
SBP, mmHg | 125 (105–136) | 127 (112–144) | 0.214 |
DBP, mmHg | 80 (69–89) | 74 (64–87) | 0.21 |
BMI, kg/m² (N = 152) | 19 (18–21) | 21 (18–23) | 0.148 |
Laboratory variables | |||
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.8 (10.5–13.0) | 11.9 (10.4–13.6) | 0.393 |
WBC, /µL | 10,500 (8350–14200) | 8900 (7100–12200) | 0.0231 |
Neutrophil count, /µL | 8197 (6721–12165) | 6638 (5090–10513) | 0.0044 |
Lymphocyte count, /µL | 1050 (602–1340) | 1048 (720–1362) | 0.41 |
NLR | 8.6 (6.9–13.3) | 6.5 (3.9–13.0) | 0.0162 |
CRP, mg/dL | 6.5 (2.2–12.3) | 6.6 (2.3–12.3) | 0.842 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.0 (2.5–3.3) | 3.2 (2.8–3.5) | 0.0295 |
GPS (0/1/2) | 1/9/29 | 15/35/79 | 0.181 |
D-dimer,µg/mL (N = 158) | 3.1 (2.4–6.5) | 2.5 (1.5–4.7) | 0.0294 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 7 (6–10) | 6 (5–8) | 0.0406 |
Clinical Frailty Scale | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | 0.0006 |
MNA-SF score | 8 (5–9) | 10 (8–12) | < 0.0001 |
MNA-SF nutritional status | < 0.0001 | ||
MNA-SF < 11 | 37 | 71 | |
MNA-SF ≧ 11 | 2 | 58 |