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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics between the groups

From: Albumin/fibrinogen ratio (AFR): a significant predictor of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing non-neurosurgical and non-cardiac surgery

Characteristic

Unadjusted sample (n = 53609)

PSM adjusted (1:1) (n = 24400)

AFR > 10.625

(n = 36812)

AFR ≤ 10.625

(n = 16797)

SMD

AFR > 10.625

(n = 12200)

AFR ≤ 10.625

(n = 12200)

SMD

Sex (male) (%)†

19,273 (52.4)

8466 (50.4)

0.039

6116 (50.1)

6153 (50.4)

0.006

Age, years†

69.00 [67.00, 73.00]

71.00 [67.00, 76.00]

0.35

71.00 [67.00, 75.00]

70.00 [67.00, 75.00]

0.024

BMI, kg/m2†

24.00 [22.00, 27.00]

23.00 [21.00, 26.00]

0.108

24.00 [22.00, 26.00]

24.00 [21.00, 26.00]

0.014

Smoke (%)†

  

0.045

  

0.006

 Smoking

4678 (12.7)

2013 (12.0)

 

1502 (12.3)

1483 (12.2)

 

 Cessation

4118 (11.2)

2109 (12.6)

 

1498 (12.3)

1486 (12.2)

 

Alcohol (%)

  

0.028

  

0.03

 Drinking

2500 (6.8)

1238 (7.4)

 

822 (6.7)

915 (7.5)

 

 Dry out

6013 (16.3)

2627 (15.6)

 

1923 (15.8)

1907 (15.6)

 

Hypertension (%)

17,425 (47.3)

8010 (47.7)

0.007

6149 (50.4)

5705 (46.8)

0.073

Diabetes (%)

8013 (21.8)

4296 (25.6)

0.09

3059 (25.1)

2990 (24.5)

0.013

Cardiovascular disease (%)

4858 (13.2)

2483 (14.8)

0.046

1795 (14.7)

1728 (14.2)

0.016

Cerebrovascular disease (%)

2982 (8.1)

1681 (10.0)

0.066

1073 (8.8)

1142 (9.4)

0.02

Depression (%)

146 (0.4)

86 (0.5)

0.017

56 (0.5)

48 (0.4)

0.01

Anxiety (%)

32 (0.1)

18 (0.1)

0.006

32 (0.1)

18 (0.1)

0.006

CKD (%)†

514 (1.4)

480 (2.9)

0.101

281 (2.3)

282 (2.3)

0.001

COPD (%)

773 (2.1)

498 (3.0)

0.055

278 (2.3)

326 (2.7)

0.025

Preoperative medication (%)

      

 Anticholinergic drug

16,171 (43.9)

6749 (40.2)

0.076

5314 (43.6)

5232 (42.9)

0.014

 Benzodiazepines

9112 (24.8)

3549 (21.1)

0.086

2729 (22.4)

2599 (21.3)

0.026

 NSAIDs

3020 (8.2)

1388 (8.3)

0.002

1143 (9.4)

1047 (8.6)

0.028

 Opium†

610 (1.7)

958 (5.7)

0.216

428 (3.5)

427 (3.5)

< 0.001

 Antipsychotic drugs†

63 (0.2)

165 (1.0)

0.107

45 (0.4)

40 (0.3)

0.007

Hemoglobin, g/L†

133.00 [123.00, 143.00]

122.00 [109.00, 133.00]

0.701

127.00 [116.00, 137.00]

126.00 [115.00, 137.00]

0.002

WBC count, *109/L†

5.65 [4.75, 6.69]

6.45 [5.31, 7.87]

0.424

6.11 [5.09, 7.35]

6.19 [5.15, 7.46]

0.02

Platelet, *109/L†

201.00 [167.00, 239.00]

233.00 [189.00, 284.00]

0.535

221.00 [182.00, 266.00]

221.00 [182.00, 265.00]

0.007

Glu, mmol/L†

5.15 [4.70, 5.86]

5.31 [4.76, 6.28]

0.187

5.22 [4.73, 6.09]

5.23 [4.72, 6.10]

0.003

TT, s†

16.50 [15.80, 17.20]

16.00 [15.30, 16.80]

0.203

16.20 [15.60, 16.90]

16.10 [15.40, 16.80]

0.037

PT, s†

13.10 [12.50, 13.60]

13.30 [12.70, 13.90]

0.244

13.20 [12.70, 13.80]

13.20 [12.70, 13.80]

0.028

Cre, µmol/L

71.70 [61.60, 83.10]

70.10 [58.90, 83.60]

0.036

71.00 [60.70, 83.30]

70.40 [59.50, 83.50]

0.049

AST, U/L†

19.32 (24.36)

28.39 (47.75)

0.239

14.40 [10.70, 20.90]

14.00 [10.00, 22.00]

0.048

ALT, U/L

16.70 [14.20, 20.50]

16.70 [13.40, 23.70]

0.239

16.70 [13.90, 20.80]

16.40 [13.30, 21.83]

0.035

Type of surgery (%)†

  

0.413

  

0.046

 E.N.T

3823 (10.4)

1261 (7.5)

 

1041 (8.5)

1095 (9.0)

 

 Thoracic surgery

4113 (11.2)

943 (5.6)

 

818 (6.7)

865 (7.1)

 

 Gynecological surgery

1323 (3.6)

397 (2.4)

 

329 (2.7)

331 (2.7)

 

 Orthopedic surgery

9556 (26.0)

5087 (30.3)

 

3700 (30.3)

3672 (30.1)

 

 Urinary surgery

4266 (11.6)

1155 (6.9)

 

935 (7.7)

996 (8.2)

 

 Gastrointestinal surgery

5052 (13.7)

3266 (19.4)

 

2310 (18.9)

2128 (17.4)

 

 Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery

5202 (14.1)

3792 (22.6)

 

2320 (19.0)

2339 (19.2)

 

 Others

3477 (9.4)

896 (5.3)

 

747 (6.1)

774 (6.3)

 

Duration of surgery, min†

125.00 [80.00, 185.00]

145.00 [95.00, 214.00]

0.248

140.00 [90.00, 205.00]

136.00 [90.00, 200.00]

0.024

Duration of anesthesia, min†

175.00 [125.00, 237.00]

195.00 [145.00, 270.00]

0.268

190.00 [140.00, 260.00]

190.00 [140.00, 255.00]

0.025

ASA (%)†

  

0.292

  

0.018

 I

438 (1.2)

129 (0.8)

 

103 (0.8)

109 (0.9)

 

 II

30,615 (83.2)

12,109 (72.1)

 

9256 (75.9)

9326 (76.4)

 

 III

5668 (15.4)

4362 (26.0)

 

2769 (22.7)

2686 (22.0)

 

 IV

91 (0.2)

197 (1.2)

 

72 (0.6)

79 (0.6)

 

Type of Anesthesia (%)†

  

0.194

  

0.012

 Local anesthesia

74 (0.2)

63 (0.4)

 

44 (0.4)

44 (0.4)

 

 Basal and local anesthesia

421 (1.1)

257 (1.5)

 

180 (1.5)

174 (1.4)

 

 Intravenous anesthesia

358 (1.0)

121 (0.7)

 

86 (0.7)

94 (0.8)

 

 Nerve blocks

1394 (3.8)

1269 (7.6)

 

751 (6.2)

755 (6.2)

 

 Intraspinal anesthesia

1112 (3.0)

662 (3.9)

 

417 (3.4)

423 (3.5)

 

 General anesthesia

32,403 (88.0)

13,789 (82.1)

 

10,255 (84.1)

10,263 (84.1)

 

 General anesthesia combined with other anesthesia

1050 (2.9)

636 (3.8)

 

467 (3.8)

447 (3.7)

 

Urine, ml†

200.00 [100.00, 500.00]

300.00 [100.00, 500.00]

0.061

250.00 [100.00, 500.00]

200.00 [100.00, 500.00]

< 0.001

Blood loss, ml†

50.00 [20.00, 200.00]

100.00 [50.00, 200.00]

0.18

100.00 [50.00, 200.00]

100.00 [50.00, 200.00]

0.001

Crystalloid, ml†

1200.00 [1100.00, 1800.00]

1600.00 [1100.00, 2100.00]

0.233

1600.00 [1100.00, 2100.00]

1600.00 [1100.00, 2100.00]

0.03

Colloid, ml†

500.00 [0.00, 500.00]

500.00 [0.00, 500.00]

0.269

500.00 [0.00, 500.00]

500.00 [0.00, 500.00]

0.021

Blood transfusion (%)†

3477 (9.4)

3159 (18.8)

0.271

1816 (14.9)

1806 (14.8)

0.002

Intraoperative medication (%)

      

 Droperidol

3316 (9.0)

1682 (10.0)

0.034

1176 (9.6)

1196 (9.8)

0.006

 Glucocorticoid

22,988 (62.4)

10,218 (60.8)

0.033

7543 (61.8)

7454 (61.1)

0.015

 NSAIDs†

18,807 (51.1)

7707 (45.9)

0.104

5801 (47.5)

5838 (47.9)

0.006

 Benzodiazepine†

7828 (21.3)

2590 (15.4)

0.151

1960 (16.1)

1963 (16.1)

0.001

 Dexmedetomidine

4209 (11.4)

2131 (12.7)

0.038

1506 (12.3)

1453 (11.9)

0.013

Duration of SBP > 140 mmHg, min†

5.00 [0.00, 20.00]

10.00 [0.00, 30.00]

0.215

10.00 [0.00, 30.00]

10.00 [0.00, 25.00]

0.029

Duration of DBP > 90 mmHg, min

0.00 [0.00, 5.00]

0.00 [0.00, 5.00]

0.002

0.00 [0.00, 0.00]

0.00 [0.00, 5.00]

0.016

Duration of MAP < 60 mmHg, min†

0.00 [0.00, 0.00]

0.00 [0.00, 0.00]

0.174

0.00 [0.00, 0.00]

0.00 [0.00, 0.00]

0.007

POD (%)

721 (2.0)

845 (5.0)

0.168

366 (3.0)

445 (3.6)

0.036

  1. The data are shown as the median (interquartile range), n (%), or mean ± SD
  2. †Variables included in the propensity score
  3. Abbreviations: AFR Alb/Fib ratio, SMD Standardized mean difference, PSM Propensity Score Matching, BMI Body mass index, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD Chronic kidney disease, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system, E.N.T Otolaryngology, ophthalmology, stomatology, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, MAP Mean arterial pressure, WBC White blood cell, Glu Glucose, Cre Creatinine, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, TT Thrombin Time, PT Prothrombin Time
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