Table 1 Comparison of older patient’s characteristics, comorbidities and restrains characteristics according the biological sex
N | All Patients (N = 149) | Women N = 77 (52%) | Men N = 72 (48%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients’ characteristics | |||||
Age | 149 | 87 (82–92) | 89 (85–93) | 85 (81–90) | 0.002 |
Dementia | 136 | 117 (86%) | 62 (93%) | 55 (80%) | 0.031 |
BMI | 80 | 24 (21–27) | 24 (20–26) | 23 (21–27) | NS |
Weight (kg) | 94 | 60 (52–68) | 56 (48–64) | 65 (58–75) | < 0.001 |
Fall history | 149 | 61 (41%) | 34 (44%) | 27 (38%) | NS |
Information of patient and family | 149 | 15 (10%) | 5 (6%) | 10 (14%) | NS |
Nursing home | 147 | 53 (36%) | 36 (47%) | 17 (24%) | 0.005 |
Poly-medication (n > 5) | 141 | 42 (30%) | 17 (23%) | 25 (37%) | NS |
Comorbidity | |||||
Hypertension | 149 | 68 (46%) | 34 (44%) | 34 (47%) | NS |
Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 149 | 35 (23%) | 13 (17%) | 22 (31%) | 0.049 |
Diabetes mellitus | 149 | 34 (23%) | 13 (17%) | 21 (29%) | NS |
Coronary artery disease | 149 | 14 (9%) | 4 (5%) | 10 (14%) | NS |
Dyslipidemia | 149 | 13 (9%) | 3 (4%) | 10 (14%) | 0.031 |
Active malignancy | 149 | 13 (9%) | 5 (6%) | 8 (11%) | NS |
Asthma COPD | 149 | 10 (7%) | 6 (8%) | 4 (6%) | NS |
Priorstroke | 149 | 16 (11%) | 8 (10%) | 8 (11%) | NS |
Chronic kidney disease | 149 | 12 (8%) | 4 (5%) | 8 (11%) | NS |
Heart failure | 149 | 13 (9%) | 9 (12%) | 4 (6%) | NS |
Smoking | 149 | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4%) | NS |
Alcohol abuse | 149 | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (3%) | NS |
Depression | 149 | 15 (10%) | 9 (12%) | 6 (8%) | NS |
Independence | |||||
GIR1 (completely dependent) | 145 | 11 (8%) | 5 (7%) | 6 (9%) | NS |
GIR2 | 145 | 50 (34%) | 29 (39%) | 21 (30%) | NS |
GIR3 | 145 | 50 (34%) | 28 (37%) | 22 (31%) | NS |
GIR4 | 145 | 14 (10%) | 5 (7%) | 9 (13%) | NS |
GIR5 | 145 | 9 (6%) | 4 (5%) | 5 (7%) | NS |
GIR6 (completely independent) | 145 | 11 (8%) | 4 (5%) | 7 (10%) | NS |
Main complaint | |||||
Fall | 149 | 35 (23%) | 21 (27%) | 14 (19%) | NS |
Confusion | 149 | 29 (19%) | 15 (19%) | 14 (19%) | NS |
Dyspnea | 149 | 25 (17%) | 13 (17%) | 12 (17%) | NS |
Asthenia | 149 | 22 (15%) | 10 (13%) | 12 (17%) | NS |
Abdominal pain | 149 | 11 (7%) | 7 (9%) | 4 (6%) | NS |
Impossibility to stay at home | 149 | 9 (6%) | 4 (5%) | 5 (7%) | NS |
Sepsis | 149 | 9 (6%) | 1 (1%) | 8 (11%) | 0.03 |
Faint | 149 | 6 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (4%) | NS |
Intoxication | 149 | 3 (2%) | 3 (4%) | 0 (0%) | NS |
Causes of PR | |||||
Agitation | 149 | 79 (53%) | 43 (56%) | 36 (50%) | NS |
Fall prevention | 149 | 41 (28%) | 21 (27%) | 20 (28%) | NS |
Unknown | 149 | 25 (17%) | 9 (12%) | 16 (22%) | NS |
Behavioral disturbances or aggressivity | 149 | 16 (11%) | 6 (8%) | 10 (14%) | NS |
Refusal of care | 149 | 29 (19%) | 28 (36%) | 1 (1%) | < 0.001 |
Restraints noted in medical record | |||||
By Doctors | 149 | 94 (63%) | 52 (68%) | 42 (58%) | NS |
By nurses | 149 | 106 (71%) | 52 (68%) | 54 (75%) | NS |
Sedatives | 149 | 93 (62%) | 49 (64%) | 44 (61%) | NS |
Monitoring | 148 | 24 (16%) | 12 (16%) | 12 (17%) | NS |
Type of restraints | |||||
Wrist restraints | 145 | 142 (98%) | 73 (99%) | 69 (97%) | NS |
Bed rails | 149 | 23 (15%) | 13 (17%) | 10 (14%) | NS |
Leg restraints | 149 | 7 (5%) | 6 (8%) | 1 (1%) | NS |
Others | 149 | 5 (3%) | 3 (4%) | 2 (3%) | NS |