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Table 5 A table to show percentage of risk of bias

From: Brain computer interfaces for cognitive enhancement in older people - challenges and applications: a systematic review

Assignment to intervention (the ‘intention-to-treat’ effect), total number of studies = 14

Risk level(%)

Randomisation process

Deviations from intended interventions

Missing outcome data

Measurement of the outcome

Selection of the reported result

Overall bias

Low risk

68.8

75

68.8

43.8

81.3

43.8

Some concerns

25

25

31.3

43.8

18.8

43.8

High risk

6.3

0

0

12.5

0

12.5