Table 1 Clinical characteristics of control, PD-nFOG group and PD-FOG group

No

68

167

78

Gender (male/female)

27/41

78/89

46/32

5.74

0.057

Age (years)

66.44 ± 8.76

66.90 ± 8.27

67.42 ± 6.72

0.30

0.738

Height (cm)

163.22 ± 8.19

165.70 ± 7.84

163.15 ± 7.54

1.39

0.240

Education

 Illiteracy or primary school graduates

11

32

6

7.60

0.668

 Middle school graduates

46

110

55

 High school graduates or above

11

23

14

Disease duration (years)

/

4.43 ± 3.91

7.65 ± 4.95

−5.07

 < 0.001

H-Y stage

/

1.95 ± 0.73

2.51 ± 0.64

−5.84

 < 0.001

LED (mg/d)

/

398.82 ± 333.90

632.29 ± 352.10

−4.96

 < 0.001

MDS-UPDRS I

/

9.13 ± 5.23

10.97 ± 5.55

−2.30

0.022

MDS-UPDRS II

/

9.98 ± 6.23

16.89 ± 7.75

−6.87

 < 0.001

MDS-UPDRS III

/

22.86 ± 13.43

31.31 ± 29.50

−4.48

 < 0.001

MDS-UPDRS IV

/

0 (0, 2)

4 (0, 7.5)

2838.50

 < 0.001

Moto symptom

/

 Bradykinesia subscore

/

11.42 ± 7.02

16.17 ± 7.37

−4.83

 < 0.001

 Rigidity subscore

/

2.64 ± 3.10

3.52 ± 3.91

−1.73

0.087

 Tremor subscore

/

3.77 ± 3.85

3.34 ± 4.08

0.79

0.430

 PIGD subscore

/

3.41 ± 2.42

6.23 ± 3.25

−6.79

 < 0.001

 NFOG-Q

/

/

18.31 ± 6.81

 Mini-BESTest

/

22.95 ± 4.88

17.96 ± 5.10

4.39

 < 0.001

Levodopa response of FOG

/

 Levodopa responsive

/

/

55

 Levodopa unresponsive

/

/

19

 Other

/

/

4

Non-motor symptom

 MMSE

/

28 (27, 30)

28 (26, 29)

5209.50

0.097

 MoCA

/

25 (21, 27)

24 (19, 26)

4218.50

0.193

 HAMA

/

7.62 ± 5.43

9.18 ± 6.17

−1.97

0.050

 HAMD

/

8.10 ± 6.85

10.45 ± 6.88

−2.30

0.023

 FAB

/

16 (15, 18)

15 (13, 17)

1383.50

 < 0.001

PDQ-8

/

0.56 ± 0.91

1.70 ± 1.45

−5.11

 < 0.001