Table 1 Characteristics of the participants by cognitive impairment (N = 695)
Variable | N (%) | Cognitive impairment | χ2/Z | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | Yes (%) | ||||
Observations | 695 (100) | 269 (38.71) | 426 (61.29) | Â | Â |
Gender |  |  |  | 48.266 |  < 0.001 |
 Male | 251 (36.12) | 140 (55.78) | 111 (44.22) |  |  |
 Female | 444 (63.88) | 129 (29.05) | 315 (70.95) | ||
Age | Â | Â | Â | 2.729 | 0.435 |
 70–74 | 374 (53.81) | 144 (38.50) | 230 (61.50) |  |  |
 75–79 | 208 (29.93) | 87 (41.83) | 121 (58.17) | ||
 80–84 | 87 (12.52) | 31 (35.63) | 56 (64.37) | ||
≥ 85 | 26 (3.74) | 7 (26.92) | 19 (73.08) | ||
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | 3.322 | 0.068 |
 Currently married | 508 (73.09) | 207 (40.75) | 301 (59.25) |  |  |
 Othersa | 187 (26.91) | 62 (33.16) | 125 (66.84) | ||
 Education |  |  |  | 21.823 |  < 0.001 |
 Primary school and below | 542 (77.99) | 185 (34.13) | 357 (65.87) |  |  |
 Middle school | 126 (18.13) | 70 (55.56) | 56 (44.44) | ||
 High school and above | 27 (3.88) | 14 (51.85) | 13 (48.15) | ||
Number of chronic diseases | Â | Â | Â | 4.661 | 0.097 |
 0 | 80 (11.51) | 34 (42.50) | 46 (57.50) |  |  |
 1 | 246 (35.40) | 106 (43.09) | 140 (56.91) | ||
≥ 2 | 369 (53.09) | 129 (34.96) | 240 (65.04) | ||
Sleep disorders | Â | Â | Â | 9.099 | 0.003 |
 No | 416 (59.86) | 180 (43.27) | 236 (56.73) |  |  |
 Yes | 279 (40.14) | 89 (31.90) | 190 (68.10) | ||
Frailty status |  |  |  | 55.042 |  < 0.001 |
 Nonfrail | 284 (40.86) | 154 (54.23) | 130 (45.77) |  |  |
 Prefrail | 224 (32.23) | 75 (33.48) | 149 (66.52) | ||
 Frail | 187 (26.91) | 40 (21.39) | 147 (78.61) | ||