Skip to main content

Table 3 Multivariate regression analysis of the associate between sleep and depression

From: Association between sleep patterns and depression in older adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014

Variable

Model 1

P_value

Model 2

P_value

Model 3

P_value

Model 4

P_value

Model 5

P_value

Sleep Patterns

  

Healthy

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

Intermediate

2.49 (1.89 ~ 3.29)

< 0.001

2.32 (1.75 ~ 3.08)

< 0.001

2.3 (1.73 ~ 3.05)

< 0.001

2.28 (1.71 ~ 3.03)

< 0.001

1.39 (1.01 ~ 1.92)

0.043

Poor

6.76 (5.18 ~ 8.82)

< 0.001

6.11 (4.65 ~ 8.04)

< 0.001

6.02 (4.57 ~ 7.92)

< 0.001

5.60 (4.25 ~ 7.39)

< 0.001

2.04 (1.48 ~ 2.8)

< 0.001

Trend. test

2.62 (2.3 ~ 2.98)

< 0.001

2.49 (2.18 ~ 2.85)

< 0.001

2.47 (2.16 ~ 2.83)

< 0.001

2.38 (2.07 ~ 2.73)

< 0.001

1.43 (1.22 ~ 1.67)

< 0.001

Sleep duration

  

7 ~ 9

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

<7

2.36 (1.93 ~ 2.88)

< 0.001

2.07 (1.68 ~ 2.55)

< 0.001

2.08 (1.69 ~ 2.57)

< 0.001

2.04 (1.65 ~ 2.52)

< 0.001

0.99 (0.77 ~ 1.27)

0.954

>9

1.66 (1 ~ 2.75)

0.049

1.48 (0.88 ~ 2.5)

0.137

1.45 (0.86 ~ 2.45)

0.165

1.47 (0.87 ~ 2.48)

0.152

1.72 (0.95 ~ 3.13)

0.075

Trend. test

1.8 (1.54 ~ 2.11)

< 0.001

1.64 (1.39 ~ 1.94)

< 0.001

1.64 (1.39 ~ 1.94)

< 0.001

1.63 (1.37 ~ 1.93)

< 0.001

1.1 (0.89 ~ 1.36)

0.392

Trouble sleeping

  

Yes

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

No

0.26 (0.22 ~ 0.32)

< 0.001

0.27 (0.22 ~ 0.34)

< 0.001

0.28 (0.23 ~ 0.34)

< 0.001

0.30 (0.24 ~ 0.37)

< 0.001

0.62 (0.49 ~ 0.79)

< 0.001

Sleep disorder

  

Yes

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

No

0.32 (0.25 ~ 0.4)

< 0.001

0.31 (0.24 ~ 0.4)

< 0.001

0.31 (0.24 ~ 0.4)

< 0.001

0.35 (0.27 ~ 0.45)

< 0.001

0.52 (0.38 ~ 0.71)

< 0.001

  1. Model 1:no adjusted
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age + gender + BMI + race + education level + marital status + PIR
  3. Model 3: Model 2 + smoke status + consume alcohol
  4. Model 4: Model 3 + diabetes + failing kidneys + hypertension + high cholesterol
  5. Model 5: Model 4 + DPQ030
  6. Note: DPQ030 - Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much (assessment of sleep in the PHQ-9)