Table 2 Relationship between basic attributes, physiological status, daily activity function, and sleep quality for outpatient dynapenic older people (n = 192)

Gender

11.340***

.0008

 Male

28

50

34

25

 Female

28

50

102

75

Age

0.071

.9651

 65–74 years old

25

44.64

60

44.12

 75–84 years old

22

39.29

52

38.24

 Over 85 years old

9

16.07

24

17.65

Education

9.185

.0566

 Illiterate

11

19.64

16

11.76

 Elementary school

13

23.21

56

41.18

 Junior high school

6

10.71

19

13.97

 Senior high school

10

17.86

24

17.65

 College and over

16

28.57

21

15.44

Occupational status

13.378*

.018

 Military

3

5.36

3

2.21

 Public Sector

4

7.14

7

5.15

 Education

1

1.79

5

3.68

 Industry

21

37.5

29

21.32

 Business

14

25

36

26.47

 Freelance

2

2.57

28

20.59

 Other

11

19.64

28

20.59

Marital status

 Marriage

42

75

83

61.03

 Unmarried

0

0

1

0.74

 Divorced

3

5.36

10

7.35

 Widowed

11

19.64

42

30.88

With children

0.220

1.000

 Yes

2

3.57

7

5.15

 No

54

96.43

129

94.85

Residence

6.265*

.0191

 Living with family

54

96.43

113

63.09

 Living alone

2

3.57

22

16.18

 Nursing home/Care home

0

0

1

0.74

Social assistance

0.147

1.000

 No

52

92.86

124

91.18

 Yes

4

7.14

12

8.82

Medication intake

7.250*

.0071

 ≤ 3 types

32

57.14

49

36.03

 ≥ 7 types

24

42.86

87

63.97

Smoking history

6.695**

.0097

 No

46

82.14

8

5.88

 Yes

10

17.86

128

94.12

Drinking alcohol

1.498

.3034

 No

51

91.07

130

95.59

 Yes

5

8.93

6

4.41

Chronic diseases

0.293

.7333

 No

4

7.14

7

5.15

 Yes

52

92.86

129

94.85

Hypertension

0.866

.3522

 No

17

30.36

32

23.88

 Yes

39

69.64

102

76.12

Diabetes mellitus

0.031

.8602

 No

26

47.27

61

45.86

 Yes

29

52.73

72

54.14

Cancer

0.363

.7604

 No

51

94.44

125

91.91

 Yes

3

5.56

11

8.09

 BMI

2.359

.5014

 < 18.5

4

7.14

9

6.62

 18.5–24

19

33.93

56

41.18

 24–27

14

25

39

28.68

 > 27

19

33.93

32

23.53

Daily Activity Function

ADL

5.077

.1830

 100 scores

51

91.07

106

77.94

 91–99 scores

1

1.79

4

2.94

 61–90 scores

4

7.14

22

16.18

 30–60 scores

0

0

4

2.94

IADL

12.556**

.0068

 Normal

0

0

6

4.41

 1–4 items disable

9

16.07

26

19.12

 5–6 items disable

24

42.86

79

58.09

 7–8 items disable

23

41.07

25

18.38