Influence of an inspiratory muscle fatigue protocol on older adults on respiratory muscle strength, muscle oxygen saturation, and functional capacity: a randomized controlled trial

Ladriñán-Maestro, Arturo; Sánchez-Infante, Jorge; Martín-Vera, Daniel; Sánchez-Sierra, Alberto

doi:10.1186/s12877-024-05610-0

Table 2 Primary outcomes measurements (respiratory variables)

From: Influence of an inspiratory muscle fatigue protocol on older adults on respiratory muscle strength, muscle oxygen saturation, and functional capacity: a randomized controlled trial

	Baseline	Post-treatment		f	P	n²	pot
MIP (cmH2O)
IMFG	62.75 ± 9.36	56.00 ± 7.46**^#	Group	1.19	0.33	0.10	0.23
AG	62.00 ± 6.63	65.00 ± 6.85**	Time	11.09	< 0.01	0.35	0.89
CG	64.50 ± 6.52	64.63 ± 5.63	Group x Time	63.53	< 0.01	0.86	1
Thick_insp (cm)
IMFG	0.43 ± 0.09	0.39 ± 0.08**	Group	0.44	0.65	0.04	0.11
AG	0.44 ± 0.10	0.46 ± 0.10**	Time	13.46	< 0.01	0.39	0.94
CG	0.43 ± 0.08	0.43 ± 0.08	Group x Time	69.64	< 0.01	0.87	1
Thick_esp (cm)
IMFG	0.23 ± 0.04	0.24 ± 0.04**	Group	0.36	0.70	0.03	0.10
AG	0.23 ± 0.04	0.23 ± 0.04	Time	3.77	0.06	0.15	0.46
CG	0.22 ± 0.03	0.22 ± 0.03	Group x Time	7.00	< 0.01	0.40	0.89
TF_%
IMFG	85.83 ± 18.32	63.71 ± 12.48**^##	Group	5.35	0.01	0.78	0.28
AG	90.40 ± 15.89	100.12 ± 19.60**	Time	10.53	< 0.01	0.33	0.87
CG	95.19 ± 8.28	93.63 ± 9.11 ^{+ +}	Group x Time	42.19	< 0.01	0.80	1
Mob_insp (cm)
IMFG	5.51 ± 0.26	4.72 ± 0.23**^##	Group	8.17	< 0.01	0.44	0.93
AG	5.47 ± 0.29	5.75 ± 0.35**	Time	13.38	< 0.01	0.39	0.94
CG	5.49 ± 0.26	5.46 ± 0.29 ^{+ +}	Group x Time	41.10	< 0.01	0.80	1
Time_insp (ms)
IMFG	2002.50 ± 155.54	2080.00 ± 145.60^##	Group	5.71	0.01	0.35	0.81
AG	1911.25 ± 136.74	1770.00 ± 134.70**	Time	0.21	0.65	0.01	0.07
CG	1990.00 ± 176.72	2012.50 ± 118.05^$$	Group x Time	4.77	0.02	0.31	0.73
Vel_insp (cm/s)
IMFG	2.76 ± 0.13	2.30 ± 0.15**^##	Group	21.78	< 0.01	0.68	1
AG	2.86 ± 0.22	3.26 ± 0.27** ^{+ +}	Time	1.07	0.31	0.05	0.17
CG	2.77 ± 0.16	2.69 ± 0.21^$$	Group x Time	32.02	< 0.01	0.75	1
Mob_sniff (cm)
IMFG	1.68 ± 0.19	1.55 ± 0.15*^##	Group	2.33	0.12	0.18	0.42
AG	1.67 ± 0.13	1.83 ± 0.08**	Time	0.35	0.56	0.02	0.09
CG	1.67 ± 0.20	1.59 ± 0.16^$$	Group x Time	8.24	< 0.01	0.44	0.93
Time_sniff (ms)
IMFG	167.50 ± 19.09	213.75 ± 15.06**^##	Group	9.51	< 0.01	0.48	0.96
AG	168.75 ± 18.08	158.75 ± 17.27	Time	6.22	0.02	0.23	0.66
CG	165.00 ± 21.38	160.00 ± 15.12 ^{+ +}	Group x Time	18.53	< 0.01	0.64	1
Vel_sniff (cm/s)
IMFG	10.12 ± 0.64	7.20 ± 0.68**^##	Group	20.63	< 0.01	0.66	1
AG	9.92 ± 0.53	11.59 ± 1.13** ^{+ +}	Time	14.71	< 0.01	0.41	0.96
CG	10.22 ± 0.68	9.96 ± 0.64^$$	Group x Time	102.15	< 0.01	0.91	1

Values are mean ± SD
IMFG Inspiratory muscle fatigue group, AG Activation group, CG Control group, MIP Maximal inspiratory pressure, Thick_insp Diaphragmatic thickness in inspiration, Thick_esp Expiratory diaphragmatic thickness, TF Thickness ratio inspiration/expiration, Mob_insp Maximal inspiration diaphragmatic mobility, Time_insp Maximum inspiratory contraction time, Vel_insp Maximum inspiration contraction velocity, Mob_sniff Diaphragmatic mobility sniff, Time_sniff Sniff contraction time, Vel_sniff Sniff contraction velocity
^*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, post-treatment, with baseline
^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, comparisons between the IMFG and AG groups at corresponding time points
⁺ P < 0.05, ^{+ +} P < 0.01, comparisons between the IMFG and CG groups at corresponding time points
^$P < 0.05, AGP < 0.01, comparisons between the AG and CG groups at corresponding time points

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