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Table 2 Adjusted, weighted relative-risk ratios (RRRs) for health states in 2018 (n = 8,751, RRR [95%CI])

From: Educational attainment and male-female health-survival paradox among older adults in China: a nationally representative longitudinal study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

 

Disabled

Deceased

Disabled

Deceased

Disabled

Deceased

Disabled

Deceased

Baseline states (Non-disabled)

 Disabled

9.78***

5.97***

9.63***

5.81***

9.61***

5.79***

8.37***

4.16***

 

(7.93–12.05)

(4.48–7.95)

(7.81–11.86)

(4.36–7.74)

(7.80–11.83)

(4.35–7.71)

(6.74–10.39)

(3.15–5.49)

Age groups (60–64 years)

 65–69 years

1.39**

1.72***

1.36**

1.64***

1.36**

1.64***

1.34**

1.57***

 

(1.07–1.81)

(1.25–2.35)

(1.03–1.78)

(1.20–2.24)

(1.04–1.79)

(1.20–2.25)

(1.03–1.74)

(1.12–2.18)

 70–74 years

1.69***

3.10***

1.67***

3.03***

1.67***

3.03***

1.64***

2.74***

 

(1.31–2.17)

(2.26–4.26)

(1.29–2.14)

(2.21–4.15)

(1.30–2.15)

(2.21–4.16)

(1.26–2.13)

(1.97–3.82)

 75 years and above

3.92***

9.57***

3.76***

8.85***

3.72***

8.77***

3.38***

5.70***

 

(3.11–4.93)

(6.84–13.40)

(2.98–4.74)

(6.34–12.36)

(2.95–4.69)

(6.29–12.23)

(2.64–4.33)

(4.11–7.91)

Gender (Male)

 Female

1.10

0.67***

1.04

0.61***

1.13

0.65***

1.06

0.56***

 

(0.91–1.31)

(0.52–0.88)

(0.87–1.24)

(0.47–0.80)

(0.93–1.38)

(0.49–0.86)

(0.81–1.40)

(0.42–0.76)

Education (Low edu)

 High edu

  

0.73**

0.54***

0.88

0.61***

1.13

0.81

   

(0.56–0.96)

(0.41–0.72)

(0.62–1.26)

(0.44–0.85)

(0.78–1.63)

(0.57–1.15)

 Female # High edu

    

0.58*

0.61

0.62*

0.73

     

(0.33–1.03)

(0.29–1.26)

(0.35–1.09)

(0.35–1.54)

 Constant

0.05***

0.03***

0.05***

0.04***

0.05***

0.04***

0.06***

0.07***

 

(0.04–0.06)

(0.02–0.04)

(0.04–0.07)

(0.03–0.05)

(0.04–0.06)

(0.03–0.05)

(0.03–0.11)

(0.03–0.18)

 Control variables

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

 Pseudo\(\:{R}^{2}\)

0.145

0.145

0.148

0.148

0.149

0.149

0.184

0.184

  1. Note: Categories in the parentheses are reference categories. Estimates are from multinominal logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic variables (age group, marital status, and residence), socioeconomic variables (job, per capita household expenditure, health insurance, and house ownership), and health behavior variables (drinking, smoking, normal weight, normal sleep, and social activity score). The outcome reference category is non-disabled. The 95% CIs of the point estimates use standard errors adjusted for household clusters and sampling weights
  2. *P < 0.10, **P < 0.05, and ***P < 0.01