Table 3 Informal evidence supporting ICA theme 2 and subthemes and correspondence with trial outcomes
From: Features of effective hospital fall prevention trials: an intervention component analysis
Theme | Subtheme | Informal Evidence | Correspondence between themes and trial outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
Responsive interventions (18 studies, 34 codes) | a. Intervention targeted to individual patient risks (10 studies) | “Targeting interventions to the specific risk factors of individuals can be effective” Ang, 2011 “Older adults are a very heterogeneous group rendering decision-finding complex. Therefore, a physician has to take into account the individual risk constellation” Michalek, 2014 “This programme had a significant effect in reducing falls, which may be because of the targeted multiple intervention strategy, where each intervention intentionally addressed one or more of various risk factors for falls” Haines, 2004 | Present in 7 of 24 positive trials Present in 8 of 21 negative trials |
b. Intervention tailored to patient needs and ability (11 studies) | “Prevention programs are commonly complex, dynamic and patient-orientated, to ensure adequate targeting to the needs of the individual” Barker, 2016 “It was probably a realistic and generalizable finding that not all patients admitted to an elderly care rehabilitation ward would be able to undertake additional therapy of this nature” Donald, 2000 “As part of a careful implementation process motivating factors and possible barriers were addressed, taking into account the patient’s meaningful life goals, previous exercise experiences, and social and physical environment” Pfeiffer, 2020 “Complex interventions can effectively be implemented with a multifaceted implementation strategy, which tailors the implementation activities to the individual wards” Van Gaal, 2011 | Present in 20 of 24 positive trials Present in 12 of 21 negative trials |