Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between frail and non-frail participants(FI-32)

Age[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

69(65,74)

69(65,73)

73(67,77)

0.001

Gender(n,%)

0.001

 Male

134(40.0)

101(36.1)

33(60.0)

 Female

201(60.0)

179(63.9)

22(40.0)

BMI[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

24.3(22.22,26.93)

24.36(22.22,26.93)

24.21(21.74,27.24)

0.492

Smoking(n,%)

0.18

 No

253(75.5)

219(78.2)

34(61.8)

 Yes

44(13.1)

31(11.1)

13(23.6)

 Have quit smoking

38(11.3)

30(10.7)

8(14.5)

Drinking(n,%)

0.164

 No

284(84.8)

242(86.4)

42(76.4)

 Yes

20(6.0)

15(5.4)

5(9.1)

 Have quit drinking

31(9.3)

23(8.2)

8(14.5)

Combined chronic diseases(≥2)(n,%)

<0.001

 No

250(74.6)

221(78.9)

29(52.7)

 Yes

85(25.4)

59(21.1)

26(47.3)

polypharmacy(≥5)(n,%)

<0.001

 No

308(91.9)

265(94.6)

43(78.2)

 Yes

27(8.1)

15(5.4)

12(21.8)

Average monthly income(n,%)

0.092

 <2500

100(29.9)

87(31.1)

13(23.6)

 2500 ~ 4999

156(46.6)

132(47.1)

24(43.6)

 5000 ~ 7499

66(19.7)

51(18.2)

15(27.3)

 ≥ 7500

13(3.9)

10(3.6)

3(5.5)

Educational level(n,%)

0.865

 Primary and below

154(46.0)

129(46.1)

25(45.5)

 Junior high school

90(26.9)

76(27.1)

14(25.5)

 High or secondary school

65(19.4)

53(18.9)

12(21.8)

 College degree or above

26(7.8)

22(7.9)

4(7.3)

ASA score(n,%)

0.076

I

5(1.5)

3(1.1)

2(3.6)

II

241(71.9)

209(74.6)

32(58.2)

III

89(26.6)

68(24.3)

21(38.2)

Surgical approach(n,%)

0.746

Laparoscopic

97(29.0)

80(28.6)

17(30.9)

Open

238(71.0)

200(71.4)

38(69.1)

Surgical Site(n,%)

0.049

Abdomen

90(26.9)

75(26.8)

15(27.3)

Lower back

104(31.0)

80(28.6)

24(43.6)

Limbs

141(42.1)

125(44.6)

16(29.1)

Anesthesia method(n,%)

0.155

local

16(4.8)

11(3.9)

5(9.1)

general

319(95.2)

269(96.1)

50(90.9)

Operation time[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), min]

130(96,180)

129(96,174.25)

130(96,203)

0.695

Intraoperative bleeding[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), ml]

50(30,100)

50(30, 100)

50(20, 100)

0.842

Intraoperative fluid intake[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), ml]

1000(500,1000)

1000(500,1000)

1000(500,1000)

0.623