Association of frailty with functional difficulty in older Ghanaians: stability between women and men in two samples with different income levels

Table 5 The association of frailty with functional difficulty between men and women

Model	Predictor	Sample 1 (Low income, n = 704)		Sample 2 (Higher income, n = 510)
		Men	Women	Men	Women
		β(t)	β(t)	β(t)	β(t)
1	(Constant)	(20.39)**	(0.36)	(11.23)**	(12.76)**
1	Frailty	0.37(7.67)**	0.36(6.98)**	0.45(7.83)**	0.63(13.22)**
2	(Constant)	(0.30)	(-0.61)	(-4.50)**	(-4.04)**
	Frailty	0.29(5.87)**	0.26(4.55)**	0.26(4.97)**	0.46(9.58)**
	Age (yrs)	0.31(6.25)**	0.33(5.83)**	0.49(9.29)**	0.39(8.05)**
3	(Constant)	(15.86)**	(16.67)**	(13.43)**	(13.86)**
	Frailty	0.29(5.84)**	0.23(4.53)**	0.21(3.60)**	0.49(10.89)**
	CDS (ref – none)	0.26(5.32)**	0.38(7.43)**	0.50(8.64)**	0.37(7.98)**
4	(Constant)	(0.91)	(0.56)	(-1.24)	(-2.56)*
	Frailty	0.25(4.83)**	0.20(3.73)**	0.19(3.41)**	0.39(8.42)**
	Age (yrs)	0.25(4.74)**	0.22(3.77)**	0.33(5.13)**	0.29(6.16)**
	CDS (ref – none)	0.17(3.13)**	0.27(4.48)**	0.28(4.10)**	0.28(6.07)**

^**p < 0.001; *p < 0.05; β – standardised coefficient; CDS chronic disease status, ref reference; tolerance ≥ 0.7 for all predictors; total variance explained ranges from 19.8%-57.3% for sample 1 and from 28.6%-49.9% for sample 2; the F-test was significant at p < 0.001 for all models (blocks)

ISSN: 1471-2318