Association of frailty with functional difficulty in older Ghanaians: stability between women and men in two samples with different income levels

Table 1 Summary statistics of the two samples

Variable	Group	Sample 1 [Low income; n = 704]		Sample 2 [Higher income; n = 510]
Variable	Group	n/Mean	%/SD	n/Mean	%/SD
Categorical variables
Gender	Men	368	52.27	245	48.04
	Women	332	47.16	265	51.96
	Missing	4	0.57	0	0
Chronic disease status	None	187	26.56	330	64.71
Chronic disease status	One or more	517	73.44	180	35.29
Self-reported health	Poor	191	27.13	135	26.47
Self-reported health	Good	513	72.87	375	73.53
Marital status	Not married	235	33.38	370	72.55
	Married	376	53.41	140	27.45
	Missing	93	13.21	0	0
	Total	704	100	510	100
Continuous/discrete variables
Income [₵]	–-	922.77^a	510.46	2129.41^a	1583.96
Education [yrs]	–-	14.23	2.09	18.21	4.11
Age [yrs]	–-	62.91	9.29	57.87	8.75
Frailty	–-	6.23^b	3.76	4.78^b	2.77
Functional difficulty	–-	30.58	11.36	21.95	10.03

n – frequency; % – per cent; SD standard deviation; n and % apply to only categorical variables whereas the mean and SD apply to only continuous/discrete variables
^aindependent samples t-test showed a significant difference in income between samples 1 and 2 [t = -15.37, p < 0.001, two-tailed] based on “equal variances not assumed”
^bindependent samples t-test showed a significant difference in income between samples 1 and 2 [t = 7.75, p < 0.001, two-tailed] based on “equal variances not assumed”

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