Table 1 PIM prevalence according to stop-frail version2 in all residents, residents with vs. without cognitive impairment, with longer versus shorter life expectancy*
All | CPS | Life expectancy in months | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PIM (ATC code) | (n = 3832) | > 2 (n = 1999) | 0–2 (n = 1783) | P value | < 6 months (n = 120) | > 6 months (n = 3698) | P value | |
Section B: Cardiac system | Lipid- lowering therapies (C10AA, C10AB) | 10.3 (396) | 7.2 (143) | 14.0 (250) | < 0.01 | 5.8 (7) | 10.5 (388) | ns |
Antihypertensive therapies (C03A, C03BA, C03EA, C03B, C08CA, C08GA01, C08GA02, C09BB, C09BX01, C09XA53, C09) | 35.7 (1369) | 28.3 (566) | 44.7 (797) | < 0.01 | 20.8 (25) | 36.3 (1341) | < 0.01 | |
Anti-anginal therapy (nitrates, nicorandil, ranolazine), (C01DA, C01DX16, C01EB18) | 8.1 (312) | 6.4 (127) | 10.2 (181) | < 0.01 | 3.3 (4) | 8.2 (305) | ns | |
Section C: Coagulation system | Anti-platelets (B01AC) And Aspirin (N02BA01, A01AD05) | 38.5 (1475) | 35.3 (706) | 42.0(757) | < 0.01 | 20.8 (25) | 39.0 (1444) | < 0.01 |
Section D: Central nervous system | Neuroleptic- antipsychotics (N05A) | 20.6 (790) | 26.6 (532) | 14.0 (250) | < 0.01 | 20.8 (25) | 20.6 (763) | ns |
Memantine (N06DX01) | 4.4 (170) | 6.1 (121) | 2.7 (49) | < 0.01 | 0.8 (1) | 4.5 (167) | ns | |
Section E: Gastrointestinal system | Proton pump inhibitors (A02BC) | 35.7 (1368) | 31.7 (634) | 40.4 (720) | < 0.01 | 42.5 (51) | 35.4 (1308) | ns |
H2 receptor antagonist (A02BA) | 1.7 (64) | 1.2 (2.4) | 2.1 (38) | < 0.05 | 3.3 (4) | 1.6 (59) | ns | |
Section F: Respiratory system | Theophylline (R03D) | 2.2 (84) | 1.8 (36) | 2.5 (45) | ns | 5.0 (6) | 2.1 (78) | ns |
Leukotriene antagonist (R03DC) | 0.3 (10) | 0.2 (4) | 0.3 (6) | ns | 0.0 (0) | 0.3 (10) | ||
Section G: Musculoskeletal system | Calcium_supplements (A12AX) | 8.5 (324) | 8.2 (163) | 9.0 (161) | ns | 2.5 (3) | 8.6 (309) | < 0.05 |
Vitamin D (ergocalifero and calciferol) (A11CC01, A11CC, M05BB03, M05BB04, M05BB05, M05BB06, M05BB07, M05BB08, M05BX53) | 8.1 (309) | 7.6 (152) | 8.7 (157) | ns | 3.3 (4) | 8.1 (299) | ns | |
Anti-resorptive/bone anabolic drugs for osteoporosis (bisphosphonates, strontium, teriparatide, denosumab), (M05B) | 4.5 (172) | 3.1 (62) | 6.1 (109) | < 0.01 | 3.3 (4) | 4.5 (168) | ns | |
Long-term oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (M01A) | 3.6 (138) | 2.1 (42) | 5.4 (96) | < 0.01 | 4.2 (5) | 3.6 (133) | ns | |
Long-term oral corticosteroids (H02) | 3.5 (134) | 3.0 (59) | 4.2 (74) | < 0.05 | 7.5 (9) | 3.4 (125) | ns | |
Section H: Urogenital system | Drugs for benign prostatic hyperplasia (5-alpha reductase inhibitors (G04CA, G04CB)and alpha-blockers (C02CA, C02LE) | 3.3 (126) | 2.9 (58) | 3.8 (68) | ns | 2.5 (3) | 3.3 (123) | ns |
Drugs for overactive bladder (muscarinic antagonists and mirabegron (A04AD01, G04BD12) | 0.1 (4) | 0.1 (2) | 0.1 (2) | ns | 0.0 (0) | 0.1 (4) | ns | |
Section I: Endocrine system | Anti-diabetic drugs (A10AD, A10B) | 10.7 (411) | 9.3 (185) | 12.4 (221) | < 0.01 | 10.8 (13) | 10.7 (397) | ns |
Section J: Miscellaneous | Multivitamin combination supplements (A11) | 10.6 (407) | 9.9 (198) | 11.6 (207) | ns | 3.3 (4) | 10.7 (396) | < 0.01 |
Folic acid (B03BB, B03AD, B03AE01, B03AE02, L01BA, V04CX02) | 5.8 (221) | 5.9 (118) | 5.5 (98) | ns | 5.8 (7) | 5.8 (214) | ns | |