Table 4 Outcomes measured and assessment instruments
From: How did COVID-19 lockdown impact the health of older adults in nursing homes? A scoping review
Outcome Measured | Instruments | Author, Year |
|---|---|---|
Functional state assessment | ||
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) | Barthel Index (BI) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2021 [34] |
Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) | Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2021 [34] | |
Ambulation | Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2021 [34] |
Nutritional condition | Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2021 [34] |
Frailty | Nursing Homes Frailty Scale (FRAIL) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] |
Functional decline | Hierarchy scale of Activities of Daily Living (interRAI ADL) | Egbujie et al. 2024 [23] |
Cognitive state assessment | ||
Cognitive status | Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire Pfeiffer (SPMSQ) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2021 [34] |
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) | Górski et al. 2021 [26] | |
Mini-Cognitive Test (MEC) of Lobo | Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2021 [34] | |
The Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) | Holston et al. 2024 [27] | |
Psychological state and assessment instruments | ||
Depression | 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage (GDS-5) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] |
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | El Haj et al. 2020 [24] | |
Depressive Symptom Inventory (DSI) | Górski et al. 2021 [26] | |
Geriatric Depression Scale 30 (GDS-30) | Nair et al. 2021 [33] | |
PHQ9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 | Holston et al. 2024 [27] | |
Anxiety | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] El Haj et al. 2020 [24] |
National satisfaction survey: Are you affected by anxiety, restlessness or anguish? | Johansson-Pajala et al. 2022 [29] | |
Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) | Nair et al. 2021 [33] | |
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) | Rose et al. 2023 [35] | |
Loneliness | Ad-hoc questionnaire: “During confinement I have felt: somewhat alone, very alone, not at all alone” | El Haj & Gallouj 2022[25] |
Loneliness Scale of Jong Gierveld (LS) | Huber & Seifert 2022 [28] | |
National satisfaction survey: Do you feel lonely? | Johansson-Pajala et al. 2022 [29] | |
Mental Health Inventory 5-index (MHI) | Van der Roest et al. 2020 [36] | |
Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome | Outcome Post-Traumatic Stress Scale (OPT-8) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] |
Insomnia | Insomnia in the Elderly Scale (IES) | Cortés-Zamora et al. 2020 [20] |
Neuro-psychiatric symptoms | Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home (NPI-NH) | Curran et al. 2022 [22] |
Perceived Social Support | Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, (MSPSS) | Nair et al. 2021 [33] |
Mood Statement | Have you often felt sad, discouraged, or hopeless? Have you felt less interest or pleasure in doing things? | Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2021 [34] |