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Table 3 Correlations between different variables and depressive CES-D scale scores

From: Employment status and depressive symptoms in taiwanese older adults: an 11-year prospective cohort study

Model1 for CES-D score (continuous data)

Variables

B

95% CI

p-value

Gender (male vs. female)

0.897

0.333

1.462

0.002

Education level (< high school vs. ≥ high school)

0.769

0.248

1.290

0.004

Age

0.042

-0.008

0.093

0.099

Marital status (married and living together vs. others)

-0.212

-0.733

0.310

0.426

Smoking habit (yes vs. no)

0.349

-0.228

0.926

0.236

Exercise habit (yes vs. no)

-0.827

-1.326

-0.329

0.001

Hypertension or Diabetes (yes vs. no)

0.386

-0.086

0.857

0.109

Heart disease (yes vs. no)

0.687

0.090

1.283

0.024

Stroke (yes vs. no)

1.198

-0.276

2.671

0.111

Volunteer activity (yes vs. no)

-0.892

-1.538

-0.246

0.007

Economic burden (yes vs. no)

1.577

0.877

2.277

 < .001

Health burden (yes vs. no)

2.050

1.490

2.611

 < .001

Homeownership (yes vs. no)

-0.567

-1.174

0.040

0.067

Good social supports

-1.304

-1.904

-0.703

 < .001

Baseline depressive symptoms

2.442

1.703

3.180

 < .001

Employment status (working vs. not working)

-0.654

-1.262

-0.045

0.035

Model2 for depression (dichotomous data)

Variables

aOR

95% CI

p-value

Gender (male vs. female)

1.305

1.000

1.703

0.050

Education level (< high school vs. ≥ high school)

1.415

1.034

1.935

0.030

Age

1.013

0.989

1.038

0.282

Marital status (married and living together vs. others)

0.961

0.766

1.207

0.733

Smoking habit (yes vs. no)

1.076

0.808

1.433

0.615

Exercise habit (yes vs. no)

0.861

0.692

1.072

0.181

Hypertension or Diabetes (yes vs. no)

0.995

0.795

1.246

0.965

Heart disease (yes vs. no)

1.324

1.035

1.695

0.026

Stroke (yes vs. no)

1.526

0.908

2.565

0.110

Volunteer activity (yes vs. no)

0.454

0.248

0.832

0.011

Economic burden (yes vs. no)

1.413

1.084

1.842

0.011

Health burden (yes vs. no)

2.152

1.723

2.688

 < .001

Homeownership (yes vs. no)

0.823

0.631

1.072

0.148

Good social supports

0.603

0.475

0.766

 < .001

Baseline depressive symptoms

2.087

1.634

2.664

 < .001

Employment status (working vs. not working)

0.679

0.465

0.989

0.044

  1. The correlations were identified through a repeated measures analysis (generalized estimating equation model)
  2. Models 1 and 2 were adjusted for various factors, including age, sex, education level, marital status, smoking habit, exercise habit, comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke), engagement in volunteer activities, economic burden, health burden, homeownership, social supports, baseline depressive symptoms, and working conditions 3 to 4 years ago. These variables were derived from data collected in each survey wave, with the exception of gender and education level, which were based on the information collected in 1996
  3. A CES-D scale score of ≥ 10 indicates depressive symptoms and depression
  4. CES-D scale Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, CI confidence interval; OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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