Table 3 Comparison individuals in the lowest and highest risk deciles from the 10-bin calibration plot under the validation cohort
Bin 0 (lowest risk decile) n = 979 | Bin 9 (highest risk decile) n = 979 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
% (n) | |||
Age (years) | |||
18–64 | 79.8 (781) | 1.5 (15) | < 0.0001 |
65–74 | 16.8 (164) | 7.5 (73) | |
75–84 | 3.2 (31) | 35.1 (344) | |
85 + | 0.3 (3) | 55.9 (547) | |
Sex | |||
Male | 46.4 (454) | 48.3 (473) | 0.39 |
Female | 53.6 (525) | 51.7 (506) | |
Marital status | |||
Never married | 22.1 (216) | 3.5 (34) | < 0.0001 |
Married | 52.2 (511) | 29.1 (285) | |
Widowed | 10.0 (98) | 40.5 (396) | |
Separated/divorced | 12.9 (126) | 8.4 (82) | |
Unknown/other | 2.9 (28) | 18.6 (182) | |
Baseline Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) score | |||
0 | 90.7 (888) | 24.4 (239) | < 0.0001 |
1 | 9.3 (91) | 75.6 (740) | |
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Involvement scale | |||
None/mild difficulty (0–13) | 86.3 (845) | 48.2 (472) | < 0.0001 |
Moderate/major difficulty (14–21) | 13.7 (134) | 51.8 (507) | |
Pain scale | |||
No pain/less than daily pain (0–2) | 74.4 (728) | 88.8 (869) | < 0.0001 |
Severe/daily pain (3–4) | 25.6 (251) | 11.2 (110) | |
Caregiver Risk Evaluation (CaRE)1 | |||
Low risk | 23.6 (231) | 21.3 (208) | < 0.0001 |
Moderate risk | 39.7 (389) | 29.6 (290) | |
High risk | 32.4 (317) | 46.9 (459) | |
Very high risk | n/a | n/a | |
Missing | 4.3 (42) | 2.3 (22) | |
Coronary artery disease | |||
No | 85.5 (837) | 80.5 (788) | 0.0032 |
Yes | 14.5 (142) | 19.5 (191) | |
Alzheimer’s dementia | |||
No | 100.0 (979) | 92.4 (905) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 0.0 (0) | 7.6 (74) | |
Dementia (not Alzheimer’s dementia) | |||
No | 100.0 (979) | 70.5 (690) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 0.0 (0) | 29.5 (289) | |
Parkinson’s disease | |||
No | 100.0 (979) | 82.6 (809) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 0.0 (0) | 17.4 (170) | |
Any psychiatric diagnosis | |||
No | 88.4 (865) | 79.9 (782) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 11.6 (114) | 20.1 (197) | |
Sudden/new onset change in mental functioning (last 7 days) | |||
No | 99.9 (978) | 97.3 (953) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 0.1 (1) | 2.7 (26) | |
Stroke | |||
No | 94.3 (923) | 81.0 (793) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 5.7 (56) | 19.0 (186) | |
Hip fracture | |||
No | 96.9 (949) | 97.1 (951) | 0.7898 |
Yes | 3.1 (30) | 2.9 (28) | |
Other types of fracture | |||
No | 91.6 (897) | 93.6 (916) | 0.1011 |
Yes | 8.4 (82) | 6.4 (63) | |
Pneumonia | |||
No | 95.4 (934) | 98.5 (964) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 4.6 (45) | 1.5 (15) | |
Cancer | |||
No | 60.5 (592) | 92.4 (905) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 39.5 (387) | 7.6 (74) | |
Hearing impairment | |||
No hearing impairment | 94.4 (924) | 67.8 (664) | < 0.0001 |
Hearing impairment | 5.6 (55) | 32.2 (315) | |
Vision impairment | |||
No vision impairment | 95.3 (933) | 87.6 (858) | < 0.0001 |
Vision impairment | 4.7 (46) | 12.4 (121) | |
Dual sensory impairment | |||
No dual sensory impairment | 99.6 (975) | 75.9 (743) | < 0.0001 |
Dual sensory impairment | 0.4 (4) | 24.1 (236) | |
Ability to understand others | |||
Understands | 99.0 (969) | 69.9 (684) | < 0.0001 |
Usually understands | 1.0 (10) | 26.2 (256) | |
Often understands | 0.0 (0) | 3.5 (34) | |
Sometimes understands | 0.0 (0) | 0.3 (3) | |
Rarely/never understands | 0.0 (0) | 0.2 (2) | |
Wandering | |||
No | 100.0 (979) | 98.9 (968) | 0.0009 |
Yes | 0.0 (0) | 1.1 (11) | |
Verbally abusive | |||
No | 99.0 (969) | 95.5 (935) | < 0.00001 |
Yes | 1.0 (10) | 4.5 (44) | |
Chest pain | |||
No | 95.4 (934) | 98.6 (965) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 4.6 (45) | 1.4 (14) | |
Edema | |||
No | 71.7 (702) | 80.6 (789) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 28.3 (277) | 19.4 (190) | |
Hallucinations | |||
No | 100.0 (979) | 96.5 (945) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 0.0 (0) | 3.5 (34) | |
Clients believes that they are capable of increased functional independence | |||
No | 52.0 (509) | 85.8 (840) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 48.0 (470) | 14.2 (139) | |
Number of falls in last 90 days | |||
0 | 88.5 (866) | 47.7 (467) | < 0.0001 |
1 | 9.7 (95) | 20.2 (198) | |
2 + | 1.8 (18) | 32.1 (314) | |
Bladder incontinence | |||
No | 78.2 (766) | 47.0 (460) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 21.8 (213) | 53.0 (519) | |
Prognosis of less than six months to live | |||
No | 93.3 (913) | 99.7 (976) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 6.7 (66) | 0.3 (3) | |
Hospital admissions in the last 90 days | |||
0 | 42.4 (415) | 69.9 (684) | < 0.0001 |
1 | 47.9 (469) | 24.3 (238) | |
2 + | 9.7 (95) | 5.8 (57) | |
Client indicates that he/she feels lonely | |||
No | 91.6 (897) | 75.3 (737) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 8.4 (82) | 24.7 (242) | |
Change in social activities in the last 90 days | |||
No decline/decline, not distressed | 77.2 (756) | 89.1 (872) | < 0.0001 |
Decline, distressed | 22.8 (223) | 10.9 (107) | |