Table 1 Included studies reported by populations, fatigue protocols and outcome measures
STUDY | POPULATION | FATIGUE PROTOCOL | OUTCOME | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Study population | Control group | Uni/bilateral muscle group(s) | Intensity | Sets & rate or speed | Total reps & duration | Endpoint (force/ velocity drop) | Functional task (pre versus post fatigue) | Main fatigue effect | Fatigue × Age interaction |
Bellew et al. 2006 [23] | 18 older adults 77 ± 6 yrs All ♀ | - | Unilateral Knee flexors/ extensors Ankle plantar/ dorsi-flexors | Peak torque | Number of sets not specified at 180°/s | Not specified | < 50% peak torque | Quiet standing Single-limb stance time Voluntary movements Modified functional reach Lower extremity reach | Yes Yes Yes | N/A |
Davidson et el. 2009 [18] | 16 older adults 62.2 ± 5.1 yrs 8 ♂, 8 ♀ | 16 younger adults 9.4 ± 1.4 yrs 8 ♂, 8 ♀ | Not specified: Ankle plantar flexors Bilateral: Lumbar extensors | 45% of MVC | 1 set of 23 reps/min Rate not specified | ~322 reps (~14 min) | ~70% MVC | External perturbations Maximum forward trunk perturbation withstood without stepping | Yes * | Yes: effect Y < O |
Lin et al. 2009 [19] | 16 older adults 55-65 yrs ♂ and ♀ | 16 young adults 18-24 yrs ♂ and ♀ | Unilateral Ankle plantar- flexors Knee extensors Lumbar extensors | 60% of MVC | 1 set of 12 reps/min at 60°/s | ~144 reps (~12 min) | ~60% MVC | Quiet standing 11 trials of 75 s at 0.75 - 20 min post fatigue compared to 3 trials pre fatigue | Yes * | Yes: effect Y > O |
Mademli et al. 2008 [20] | 11 older adults 65 ± 3 yrs All ♂ | 11 young adults 32 ± 7 yrs All ♂ | Bilateral Knee extensors/ flexors | 25% of MVC | 3 sets of 15 reps/min, with 2 min resting intervals at 45°/s | y: ~80 reps; (6.6 ± 3.6 min) o:~100 reps (8.4 ± 5.3 min) | ~75-80% MVC | External perturbations Single step during a forward fall | No * | No: effect Y = O |
Moore et al. 2005 [24] | 21 older adults 71.2 ± 3.8 yrs, Range 66-81 5 ♂, 16 ♀ | - | Unilateral Knee flexors/ extensors Ankle plantar/ dorsiflexors Hip abductors/ extensors | 60% of 1 RM | 3 sets of 10-12 reps, with 2 min resting intervals Rate not specified | ~30 - 36 reps | Not specified | Quiet standing 10 trials of 30 s with 10 s resting intervals | Yes | N/A |
Helbostad et al. 2007 [22] | 22 fatigued older adults 78.2 ± 5.0 yrs, Range 70-86 5 ♂, 17 ♀ | 22 unfatigued older adults 80.4 ± 4.9 yrs, Range 73-89 5 ♂ 17 ♀ | Bilateral sit-to-stand Leg extensors | Not specified | Fast speed up and down | ~ 25 reps | 12% mean velocity drop 15% peak velocity drop | Voluntary movements Walking at habitual gait speed | Yes # | N/A |
Petrella et al. 2005 [21] | 24 older adults 63 ± 0.8 yrs, Range 60-75 13 ♂, 11 ♀ | 28 young adults 26.9 ± 0.7 yrs, Range 20-35 12 ♂, 16 ♀ | Bilateral sit-to-stand Leg extensors | Not specified | Fast speed up, slow speed down | 10 reps | 27% power drop 12% force drop 20% velocity drop | Voluntary movements Sit-to-stand velocity | Yes * | No: effect Y = O |